日本保护数据的不正当竞争法模式及其检视

Review on Japan’s Unfair Competition Law Model of Data Protection

日本对数据采取不正当竞争法保护模式,要求受保护的数据具备限定提供性等要件,将不正当获取、使用或者披露限定提供数据的行为规定为不正当竞争行为;日本保护数据的不正当竞争法模式存在和商业秘密保护界限纠缠不清、保护客体要件设置不当的问题,但这种弱保护模式较好处理了数据保护和数据利用之间的关系,值得我国借鉴;为了克服日本保护数据不正当竞争模式的弊端,采取反不正当竞争法保护数据时,应当根据激励理论具体分析,是否应当规制数据的自由利用行为,以解决市场失灵和数据供应不足的问题。

Japan adopts the protection mode of unfair competition law for data,which requires the protected data to be shared data of limited access,and defines the behavior of improper acquisition,use or disclosure of shared data of limited access as unfair competition behavior;the unfair competition law mode for data protection in Japan has the problems of entanglement with the trade secret protection boundary and the improper setting of protection object elements,howeverthis weak protection mode can better deal with the relationship between data protection and data utilization;when adopting the unfair competition law to protect data,we should analyze whether we should regulate the free use of data according to the incentive theory,so as to solve the problem of market failure and ensure the supply of data.