杞麓湖流域农田面源调查及农业节水减排对策研究

Investigation of Farmland Non-point Source and Countermeasures of Agricultural Water Saving and Emission Reduction in Qilu Lake Basin

为了摸清杞麓湖流域农田面源现状及其原因,提出农业节水减排对策,收集2001-2014年杞麓湖流域内统计年鉴资料及湖泊水质长系列资料,采用普通相关分析法和灰色相关度分析法分析湖泊水质变化的影响因素,并于2019年底在杞麓湖流域5个乡镇开展了农田灌溉用水及农田面源污染等现状调查。相关分析表明粮食作物产量对杞麓湖水质指标的影响最小,人口、蔬菜产量、塑料薄膜使用量、农业生产总值、钾肥折纯量为非常重要因素,农田面积、氮肥折纯量、磷肥折纯量、农药使用量为其次重要因素。调查结果表明杞麓湖流域作物以茎叶类蔬菜为主,且每年种植多达3-5茬,年单位面积灌溉用水量、肥料使用量、农药使用量和薄膜使用量这4项指标分别是全国平均水平的4.00倍、8.86倍、3.96倍和5.63倍。针对杞麓湖流域提出农业节水减排对策包括,调整农业种植结构,减少蔬菜复种指数;有针对性的采用节水型灌溉技术,减少灌溉用水量;构建由田间水肥调控—生态沟拦截—塘堰及调蓄带净化回用的农业面源污染治理三道防线体系。

This paper aims to put forward countermeasures for both agricultural water saving and emission reduction in Qilu Lake Basin.Data of statistical yearbook and lake water quality in Qilu Lake Basin from 2001 to 2014 are collected to analyze the influencing factors of lake water quality by common correlation analysis method and gray relational analysis method.Correlation analysis shows that population,vegetable yield,plastic film usage,agricultural gross output value and Potash scalar are very important factors of water quality for the lake.Factors,such as farmland area,Nitrogen scalar,phosphorus scalar and pesticide use are also important.Among all the factors,the yield of grain crops has the least impact on water quality.Field surveys of farmland non-point source pollution and farmland water use in Qilu Lake Basin were carried out in 5 towns at the end of 2019.Results of surveys showed the annual average water consumption,fertilizer use,pesticide use and film use were 4.00,8.86,3.96 and 5.63 times of the national average level respectively.Therefore,countermeasures,such as adjusting agricultural planting structure,reducing vegetable multiple cropping index and adopting water-saving irrigation technology are helpful to reducing irrigation water consumption.Also,the construction of three defense-line system are very important for agricultural non-point source pollution control,which includes field water and fertilizer regulation,ecological ditch interception,pond weir and regulation and storage belt purification and reuse.