农村宅基地使用权的权能属性及其实现--基于三权分置的考察路径

The Capability Attributes and Realization of the Land Use Right for Farmers’Housing--Based on Analysis Path of Three-power Division

三权分置是我国当下农地权利改革的既定选择,也为未来破解农地流转与融资困境、提高土地利用效率指明了前进方向。三权分置政策下的宅基地使用权仍应坚守用益物权属性。资格权的设立旨在保障农民生存权与农地发展权,而分离身份属性后的使用权属于纯粹意义上的财产权,因而具备流转开禁的法理依据。制度设计的关键在于确立宅基地使用权的法权生命周期。具体而言,首先,完善宅基地初始取得规则,重点关注申请主体的认定以及程序规范。其次,审慎稳妥推进抵押、继承、转让等流转途径,赋予宅基地完整的使用权能以回应现实需求。最后,探索以退出和收回机制为核心的宅基地消灭制度,前者以自愿有偿为前提,后者则须补充收回事由的范围。

Three-power division is the preferred choice of farmland rights reform in the moment,and it also points the way to solve the dilemma that use right transfer,financing and improve the utilization efficiency for farmland.On three-power division policy,landuserightforfarmers’housingshouldsticktou-sufructuary rights.The purpose of designing qualification right is to guarantee the farmer’s right to life and farmland’s right to development,land use right that stripping identity belongs to property in the purest sense,and it has legal principle basis of transfer.The key to design system is creating the full life cycle of legal structure.More precisely,firstly,perfect original acquirement of land use right for farmers,and place emphasis on the cognizance of application object and process specification.Secondly,we must act in a cautious and appropriate way that concerning mortgage,inherit,transfer and so forth,give homestead full use right in response to realistic needs.In the end,establish a mechanism for the elimination of the right to the use of house site that based on the recovery and withdraw of the right,the former depends on voluntary and compensation,The latter must expand the scope of supplementary for recovery reason.