成就、问题、对策:我国公民基本权利限制制度的现状分析

Achievements,Problems and Countermeasures:An Status Quo Analysis of the Restriction System for Citizens Fundamental Right in China

权利的合理限制与权利保障是一个问题的两个方面,对权利的合理限制可以更好地保障权利的实施与实现。当前,我国基本权利合理限制的制度基础与社会环境已经形成。在目前的权利限制制度与实践中,我国公民权利限制还存在一些问题,主要表现在:基本权利限制的规定不够清晰与全面,基本权利立法中,存在未立法保护的基本权利,已立法的基本权利仍存在权利限制与保障的失衡,现有权利限制结构呈现“金字塔”模型等。为此需要引入“低线人权”、“不可克减的权利”与“宪法上的绝对权”等,以加强权利限制的理论建设与制度建设,切实地推进公民基本权利的真正落实。

The reasonable restriction and the right safeguard are the two sides of an issue.Through the reasonable restriction of the right to better protect the implementation and realization of the right.At present,the system foundation and social environment on reasonable restrictions to fundamental right have been formed in China.In the current system and practice,there are still some problems in the restriction system of civil right,which mainly are:restrictions on the fundamental rights provisions are not clear and comprehensive,in the legislation of fundamental rights,there are basic rights not protected by legislation,and basic rights legislated still exist imbalance of restriction and safeguard of right,existing restrictions on the rights of the structure showing a“triangle”of“pyramid”model,and so on.Therefore,it’s necessary to introduce the concept and system as the‘low line of human right’,‘non derogable right’and ‘ the absolute constitutional right’,so as to strengthen the theoretical and institutional construction of the restriction of rights and to effectively promote the real implementation of the fundamental rights of citizens.