在线诉讼中当事人程序主体权保障论

On the Protection of Procedural Rights of Parties in the Online Litigation

最高法院在总结互联网法院在线诉讼程序实践经验基础上授权试点法院推行在线审理机制。虽然最高法院对部分在线诉讼规则进行了细化和补充,但是它对电子诉讼和在线审理机制仅进行了框架性规定。在探索在线审理机制过程中,试点法院仍需参照互联网法院在线诉讼程序规则。不过,互联网法院在线诉讼程序设计之初主要是针对涉网案件,以此为基础的在线诉讼程序往往都隐含了应对互联网案件的处理特征。互联网法院优先适用在线调解程序、降低电子送达程序适用标准、采用诉讼流程全网化以及简化在线庭审程序对当事人程序主体权保障提出挑战。为应对可能的风险,试点法院在探索推行电子诉讼的过程中,更应当注意当事人在线上调解程序中的自主权,保障其在电子送达程序中的知情权,充实其在线上诉讼程序中的选择权,賦予其针对线上诉讼程序的异议权,注重当事人的主体性,进一步塑造在线诉讼程序规则。

The Supreme Court implemented an online trial mechanism in the pilot courts,and refined and supplemented some online litigation rules based on summing up the online litigation practice experience of the Internet courts.However,it only provided framework rules for electronic litigation and online trial mechanisms.The pilot courts still needs to refer to the online litigation proceedings of the Internet courts in exploring the online trial mechanism.However,the online court proceedings of the internet courts were originally designed for internet-related cases,and the online litigation procedures based on them often implied the characteristics for dealing with internet cases.In the internet courts,“mediation priority”trend,lowering the applicable standards of electronic delivery procedures,the full network of litigation procedures,and streamlining online court proceedings threaten the parties*procedural rights.In order to cope with the above risks,the pilot courts should further shape online procedure rules from the aspects of returning to the voluntary nature of the mediation process,reaffirming the essential attributes of the service,giving the parties sufficient procedural options and opposition rights.