碳族元素改性尖晶石型锰酸锂正极材料的研究进展

Research progress on spinel LiMn_(2)O_(4) cathode material modified by carbon family element

碳族元素包括C、Si、Ge、Sn和Pb这5种元素,位于周期表第四主族,其中C和Si是非金属元素且分别为良好的导体和半导体材料,Ge、Sn、Pb是金属元素,最高氧化数为+4,在周期表中从上往下,表现出惰性电子对效应,低氧化态趋于稳定,其单质、离子或氧化物等可对尖晶石型锰酸锂(LiMn_(2)O_(4))进行掺杂或表面包覆改性。Si和Ge元素主要取代LiMn_(2)O_(4)材料中的部分Mn^(4+)离子,据其不同氧化数,Sn既可以取代Mn^(3+)离子,也可以取代Mn^(4+)离子,Pb元素则取代Mn^(3+)离子。综述了历年来碳族元素掺杂和包覆改性尖晶石型LiMn_(2)O_(4)正极材料的研究进展,展望了碳族元素改性尖晶石型LiMn_(2)O_(4)的发展前景。

Carbon family elements include 5elements of C,Si,Ge,Sn and Pb,which are located in the fourth main family of the periodic table.Among them,C and Si are non-metallic elements with good conductor and semiconductor materials,respectively,Ge,Sn and Pb are metal elements,and the maximum oxidation number is +4.From the top down in the periodic table,there’s an inert electron pair effect,and the low oxidation state tends to be stable,its elements,ions or oxides can be used to modify spinel LiMn_(2)O_(4) by doping or surface coating.Si and Ge elements mainly substitute partial Mn^(4+) ions.According to Sn different oxidation numbers,it can substitute both Mn^(3+) and Mn^(4+) ions,while Pb element can substitute Mn^(3+) ions.The progress of carbon group element doping and coating modification of spinel LiMn_(2)O_(4) cathode material was reviewed.The development prospect of carbon group element modification of spinel LiMn_(2)O_(4) was prospected.