三维激光扫描在土石坝表面及扁钢的高精度变形监测中的应用研究

Application of 3D Laser Scanning on High Precision Deformation Monitoring of Earth Rock Dam Surface and Flat Steel

当前土石坝的表面变形采用测量机器人监测系统为主、大坝GNSS监测系统为辅的监测方法。对于坝面的扁钢隆起量的监测,仅依靠传统的测量手段,如皮尺或测距轮,测量精度较低,测量范围较小,无法直观地反映出扁钢的隆起状态。对于坝体水下部分的监测,仍无有效的监测手段,不利于大坝整体的变形监测分析。对于坝体水上部分坝面的变形监测,仅依靠布设在大坝表面的少量监测点显然是不够的,容易导致以点带面的窘境,因此,本文研究了一种独特的数据圆形裁剪拼接方式,同时探究出一种针对土石坝坝面扁钢快速提取的方法,成功地将三维激光扫描新技术推广到土石坝大坝坝面变形监测。最终结合自主研发的三维可视化分析平台,将土石坝坝面变形监测的丰富信息呈现出来,用于决策。

At present,the surface deformation of earth rock dams is mainly monitored by a measurement robot monitoring system,and the GNSS monitoring system of the dam is used as a supplementary monitoring method.For the monitoring of the flat steel bulge on the dam surface,only traditional measuring methods such as a tape or a measuring wheel.The measurement accuracy is low and the measurement range is small.It cannot intuitively reflect the flat steel bulge status.For the monitoring of the underwater part of the dam,there is still no effective monitoring method,which is not conducive to the deformation monitoring analysis of the entire dam.For the deformation monitoring of the dam surface above the dam body,it is obviously not enough to rely on only a few monitoring points arranged on the dam surface,which may easily lead to the dilemma of using points to represent a surface.Therefore,this paper proposes a unique method of circular cutting and stitching of data.A method for rapid extraction of flat steel for earth and rock dam surfaces was explored,and the new technology of 3D laser scanning was successfully used in the earth dam surface deformation monitoring.Finally,in combination with the independently developed 3D visualization analysis platform,the rich information of earth-rock dam surface deformation monitoring is presented for decision-making.