世界文学在中国的传播与马克思主义的发展

The Spread of World Literature in China and the Development of Marxism

19世纪,歌德首倡“世界文学”的概念,其后马克思和恩格斯结合全球性市场形成的时代背景又对此作出了进一步的论述。清末以来,世界文学的概念也开始影响到中国的学界。近代以来深重的民族危机使得世界文学作为一种启蒙救国的思想资源被引入古老的中国,并在此后深刻地影响了中国文学的发展。在知识界大量引进世界文学的同时学者们也开始系统性地接触到马克思主义的思想,从这一意义上两者在中国的传播几乎是同时进行的。从20世纪初到新时期,世界文学的传播与接受在不同的时间段呈现出了不同的面貌,并在不同程度上受到了马克思主义发展的影响。本文梳理了百年来不同时期世界文学在中国的传播情况以及马克思主义对世界文学概念演变的塑造作用,探索了它们两者逐步走向和谐互动的历程,以期对理论界在当代研究世界文学,增强中国文化在世界的影响力有所借鉴。

In the 19th century,Goethe first advocated the concept of"world literature". This concept was further discussed by Marx and Engels in combination with the background of the formation of the"global market". In the late Qing Dynasty,the concept of world literature also began to influence the Chinese academic circles. Due to the deep national crisis,the world literature was introduced into China as a kind of ideological resource of enlightening and saving the country,which has impacted profoundly on the development of Chinese literature since then. At the same time,scholars also began to know about Marxism systematically. In this sense,the spread of world literatures and Marxism in China happened almost at the same time. From the beginning of the early 20th century to the 1980 s,the spread and acceptance of world literature had taken on different features in different periods,and been affected by the development of Marxism. This paper focuses on the spread of world literature in China in the past 100 years and the shaping role of Marxism in the evolution of world literature,and explores their gradual harmonious interaction,so as to provide reference for the theoretical circles to study contemporary world literature and enhance the influence of Chinese culture in the world.