杜甫《唐兴客馆记》中的反语艺术及其渊源

The Ironyand Origin of Du Fu's The Record of Tangxing Guest House

杜甫在《唐兴客馆记》中,以"天子之使""州长之使""四方之使"三种人对唐兴客馆的不同评价,侧面衬托出客馆的辉煌壮丽及主人待客之殷勤隆重。细考这三种人所云皆是反语,核其渊源,当出自《论语》之《阳货》《先进》等典籍。因为反语的修辞手法往往包含着戏谑,蕴藏着智慧,需要运用逆向思维才能把握,故一直难以被历代注家理解。从《唐兴客馆记》中反语的运用,可以窥见杜文艺术手法之活泼;而从历代注家对这种手法的惘然无觉、不置一词,更可见出注杜之不易。

In The Record of Tangxing Guest House,Du Fu used different comments on Tangxing guest house by three kinds of people, such as the emperor’s envoy,the governor’s envoy,and the four sidesenvoy,which set off the magnificence of the pavilion and the hospitality of the guest house.A close examination of these three kinds of people’s allegorical sayings shows that they are all irony,and its origins can be traced back to Yanghuo and Xianjin in The Analects of Confucius. The rhetorical devices of irony often contain banter and wisdom, which can only be grasped by using reverse thinking,so it has been difficult to be understood by the annotators of past dynasties.From the use of irony in the Record of Tangxing guest house,we can see the liveliness of Du Fu’s artistic technique,and from the ignorance and indifference of the annotators in the past dynasties,we also can see that it is not easy to annotate Du Fu.