抉微与论文:清末民初文人对古代小说批评之检讨

Textual Research and Rhetorical Appreciation:Critics’Discussion on the Chinese Traditional Novel Criticism in the Early 20th Century

随着小说创作的增长、西方小说理论的引入,清末民初时期的小说评论空前繁荣,对中国古代小说批评之批评也同时展开。清末民初的批评者一致肯定小说批评的重要价值,在赞赏古代小说批评取得重要成就的同时,也有部分批评者指出古代考索抉微式小说批评、评点辞章式小说批评所存在的问题。在借用西方小说理论概念的基础上,天游、解弢等批评者提出小说批评“以能达作者意旨为贵”、古代小说批评是“论文”而“非论小说”的观点,中国的小说批评也在这些讨论中不断变革,逐渐出现现代意义上的小说理论与批评。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,novel criticism flourished unprecedentedly with the growth of novel creation and the introduction of Western novel theories. Critics at that time unanimously affirmed the important value of novel criticism. And while appreciating the achievements of ancient novel criticism, some critics also pointed out some problems of the textual research stylish criticism and the rhetorical criticism. With the help of western novel theories,critics such as Tian You and Xie Tao put forward the views that novel criticism should "be able to reach the author’s intention" and that ancient novel criticism was "rhetoric evaluation" rather than "novel evaluation". As such discussions continued to emerge,Chinese novel criticism had gradually changed,and the modern novel theory and criticism had also gradually emerged.