新能源革命的国际经验与启示

International Experience and Insights of New Energy Revolution and Carbon Neutralization

能源转型已经成为全球共识,占全球GDP总量70%以上的国家和地区承诺到本世纪中叶实现碳中和的目标。发达国家的实践表明,降低经济发展的能源依赖度,提高可再生能源占比,建设新能源体系在技术上和实践中都是可行的。围绕新能源革命,全球将展开一场改变贸易规则、重塑投资格局的国际竞争、升级发展模式开展技术创新的产业竞赛、重塑地缘政治关系与话语权的大国博弈。发达国家的能源转型实践表明,能源转型是一项系统工程,提高能源效率、增加可再生能源占比、提升系统灵活性、开展碳捕集封存、燃料转换等都将发挥重要作用。在这个过程中,科技和商业模式创新是最大的推动力,完善的市场体系建设是基本条件。根据新能源革命与碳中和的国际经验,建议做好能源转型与碳中和的顶层设计,加快完善我国能源市场化改革,多措并举优化能源转型路径,加快科技和商业模式创新,同时鼓励全民参与能源转型,达成能源转型与碳中和的广泛社会共识。

Energy transformation has become a global consensus.Countries and regions accounting for more than 70%of the global GDP have promised to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality by the middle of this century.The experience of the developed countries shows that it is both technologically and practically feasible to reduce energy dependence in economic development,increase the proportion of renewable energy and build a new energy system.Around the new energy revolution,the world will launch an international competition to change trade rules,reshape investment pattern,upgrade development model and carry out technological innovation,and the great powers will reshape geopolitical relations and v ie to increase their voice.The practice of energy transformation in developed countries shows that energy transformation is a systematic project and the following efforts will all have an important effect on it,including improving energy efficiency,increasing the proportion of renewable energy,enhancing system flexibility,carrying out carbon capture and storage and fuel conversion.In this process,the innovation of science and technology and business model is the biggest driving force,and the construction of a perfect market system is the basic condition.According to the international experience of new energy revolution and carbon neutralization,this paper proposes to do a good job in making the top-level design for energy transformation and carbon neutralization,accelerating China's market-oriented energy reform,taking multiple measures to optimize the path of energy transformation,speeding up the innovation of science and technology and business model,encouraging all the people to participate in energy transformation and reaching a broad social consensus on energy transformation and carbon neutralization.