建构与交融--遗产视野下的贵州安顺屯堡文化初探

Construct and Integration--Preliminary Thoughts on the Tunpu Culture from the Heritage Perspective

贵州安顺的屯堡文化是中国历史上以屯田戍边政策对西南边疆地区进行统治和开发的特殊产物。“屯堡人”以汉族移民集团的后裔为族群主体,以明代“调北征南”的军事背景为共同历史记忆,在多元民族的黔中地区的喀斯特峰林盆地间的坝子落地生根,历经数百年繁衍出异域之中的独特汉族遗风文化。屯堡文化研究于20世纪80年代萌芽,逐渐形成“屯堡学”。然而大部分研究还是聚焦于屯堡文化的外显特征,研究对象重复性高,同质化成果较多,尤其缺乏对于屯堡文化遗产构成和保护的研究。文章试图梳理屯堡文化研究的几点关键问题,讨论屯堡文化的基本形成,并在此基础上界定屯堡遗产的性质与构成,以为其未来申遗的可能性指引方向。

The Tunpu culture of Anshui,Guizhou is a unique product of the military immigration policy to rule and develop the southwestern borderlands in Chinese history.The Tunpu group can be characterized as descendants of Han ethnic immigrants with a common historical memory of the Ming Dynasty orchestrated“southern conquer”military movement,who settled in the basins of the Karst landform in central Guizhou,and developed its own unique Han-influenced culture in a multi-cultural foreign terrain.The study of Tunpu culture began in 1980s and gradually formed its own field.However,most research focused on the external traits of Tunpu culture,with high repetition on the same research subjects and contents.The study on Tunpu cultural heritage and its protection is especially lacking.This article attempts to present some key questions in Tunpu cultural studies,discuss the basic formation of Tunpu culture,and on this basis,define the nature and composing elements of Tunpu heritage,such that it may provide guidance on future steps towards a World Heritage nomination.