贵州安顺刘氏棺材洞洞葬遗址2020年调研述要--人类学的反思性讨论

A Recent Survey of the Liu Cave Burial Site in Anshun,Guizhou--Some Anthropological Reflective Thoughts

2020年8月,北京大学考古文博学院师生对贵州安顺市平坝区的桃花村棺材洞进行了实地调研。桃花村棺材洞是一处较为典型、保存较为完好的苗族洞葬遗址,相对于其他同类型遗址,它是一处正在使用中的苗族墓葬,这对研究中国西南地区苗族洞葬历史和丧葬习俗具有非常重要的价值。与20世纪90年代以来的学术调查记录相比,桃花村棺材洞作为活态的文化遗产,其现状、苗族口述历史和洞外周边环境建设已经发生了微妙的变化,掺杂着由官方、民间和桃花村村民三方对其所展开的演绎。文章就此次调研进行剖析,并回应2000年以来欧美学者曾就后现代人类学研究方法和方式所提出的讨论。

In August 2020,a team from the School of Archaeology and Museology of Peking University visited the Taohua Village cave burial site in Anshun,Guizhou.The site is wellpreserved,typical of the cave burials long known to have been associated with the Miao ethnic group.In comparison to other similar sites,the site is still in use and owned by a Miao clan named Liu,and has significant values in studying the Miao burial history and customs in Southwest China.In the present survey,however,the site presents a number of subtle differences in terms of its condition,the oral history and surrounding constructions from when it was first recorded in the early 1990s.The knowledge about the site is now tempered with new set of understandings,which are derived from the interpretations of the managing officers,the general public,and the villagers of the Liu clan.This paper presents a most updated report,and responds to concerns in western countries about post-modern anthropological research methodologies since the 2000.