固体废物综合处理产业园恶臭源成分特征及指纹谱研究

Study on the characteristics of odor source components and fingerprints in municipal solid waste comprehensive treatment parks

通过采集华南某市固体废物综合处理产业园内13座固体废物处理处置设施的恶臭源空气样品,分析32项恶臭指标,研究了恶臭物质浓度水平、嗅觉特征和生态环境风险特征。结果表明,除三甲胺、戊醛和甲基异丁基酮外,其他29项指标均在全部或部分固体废物处理处置设施恶臭源中检出。在29项检出指标中,乙酸、丙酸、乙醇、二氯甲烷、丙酮、氨和甲苯浓度较高。各设施的含硫化合物(甲硫醇、硫化氢、甲硫醚)、酸类(乙酸、丙酸)和α-蒎烯的阈稀释倍数普遍较高,部分设施的氨、丙苯、乙醇、丙醛、丁醛和柠檬烯等浓度超过嗅觉阈值;阈稀释倍数前5的物质分别为乙酸、甲硫醇、丙酸、α-蒎烯和硫化氢,最大值分别为625.00、254.29、112.23、73.10和22.83。各设施恶臭源理论臭气浓度为118.92~931.24,理论臭气浓度最低的为DJ危险废物处理厂,最高的为RFH生活垃圾填埋场。各设施的酸类(乙酸、丙酸)、含硫化合物(甲硫醇、硫化氢)、醇类(乙醇、异丙醇)、氨的浓度与环境目标值(AMEG)稀释倍数普遍较高,部分设施的氯仿和二硫化碳浓度超过AMEG,AMEG稀释倍数前5的物质分别为乙酸、甲硫醇、丙酸、氨和异丙醇,其最大值分别为476.19、14.83、13.18、8.05和4.44。在此基础上建立了固体废物综合处理产业园指纹谱,包含了乙酸、丙酸、乙醇、二氯甲烷、丙酮、氨等共性指标和硫化氢、甲硫醇、丙苯、α-蒎烯、氯仿等差异化指标,差异化指标的分歧系数整体大于0.3,具有较高的辨识度和应用潜力。

By collecting air samples from the odor sources of 13 solid waste treatment and disposal facilities in municipal solid waste comprehensive treatment parks(MSWCTPs)in a city in South China,the content of 32 odor indicators was analyzed,and the concentration level of odorous substances,the characteristics of odor and the feature of ecological environment risk were studied.The results showed that,with the exception of trimethylamine,valeraldehyde and methyl isobutyl ketone,the other 29 indicators were all detected at all or part of the odor sources of solid waste treatment and disposal facilities.Among the 29 detected indicators,the concentrations of acetic acid,propionic acid,ethanol,dichloromethane,acetone,ammonia and toluene were high.The dilution to threshold of sulfides(methyl mercaptan,hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide),acids(acetic acid and propionic acid)andα-pinene in various facilities were generally high.The concentrations of ammonia,propylbenzene,ethanol,propionaldehyde,butyraldehyde and limonene in some facilities exceeded their olfactory thresholds.The top 5 indicators in dilution to threshold were acetic acid,methyl mercaptan,propionic acid,α-pinene and hydrogen sulfide,whose maximum values were 625.00,254.29,112.23,73.10 and 22.83,respectively.The theoretical odor concentration of odor sources for each facility was 118.92-931.24,and the smallest was from DJ hazardous waste treatment plant,and the largest was from RFH landfill.In each facility,acids(acetic acid and propionic acid),sulfides(methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide),alcohols(ethanol and isopropanol)and ammonia generally exceeded ambient multimedia environmental goal(AMEG)to a high degree.The concentrations of chloroform and carbon disulfide in some facilities exceeded AMEG.The top 5 indicators in dilution to AMEG were acetic acid,methyl mercaptan,propionic acid,ammonia and isopropanol,whose maximum values were 476.19,14.83,13.18,8.05 and 4.44,respectively.Based on this study,the fingerprints of MSWCTPs were established.6 common indicators including acetic acid,propionic acid,ethanol,dichloromethane,acetone and ammonia,and 5 differentiation indicators including hydrogen sulfide,methyl mercaptan,propylbenzene,α-pinene and chloroform were formulated.The divergence coefficient of the differentiation indicators was generally greater than 0.3,which suggested a high degree of recognition and application potential.