美国生态学马克思主义的主题、理论特征、得失和启示

American Ecological Marxism:Themes,Theoretical Characteristics,Gains and Losses,and Enlightenment

美国生态学马克思主义围绕马克思有无生态思想、影响生态的因素、建构生态危机理论、生态地批判资本主义、重建唯物主义等主题展开探讨。以自然和社会的有机联系为基点,聚焦生态危机,在理论论争中发展是其显著的理论特征。美国生态学马克思主义拓宽了人们了解美国生态环境的途径,丰富了马克思主义生态理论,引导人们树立起环保意识,但缺乏对马克思主义生态理论的整体把握,具有乌托邦色彩。我国在推进生态建设中要根据具体国情借鉴美国生态学马克思主义,建立和完善生态文明制度,积极谋划环境外交战略,有序推进新型城镇化建设,推动生态环境治理迈上新台阶。

American ecological marxism concerns about the topics such as whether Marx reveals his ecological thought or not,the factors affecting ecology,theory about the construction of ecological crisis,the ecological criticism of capitalism,and the re⁃construction of materialism.American ecological marxism,based on the organic relationship between nature and society,focuses on ecological crisis and develops itself in theoretical debates,which are its remarkable theoretical characteristics.American eco⁃logical marxism broadens the way for people to understand American ecological environment,enriches Marxist ecological theory,and guides people to establish environmental awareness,but it lacks the overall grasp of Marxist ecological theory and has Utopi⁃an color.In promoting ecological construction,we should learn from American ecological marxism according to our national con⁃ditions.Moreover,we should establish and improve ecological civilization system,actively plan environmental diplomacy strate⁃gy,orderly promote new urbanization construction,and promote ecological environment governance to a new level.