论鸠摩罗什的佛经翻译与译场

On Kumarajiva’s Translation Workshop and His Translation of the Buddhist Scriptures

在中国佛教史上,鸠摩罗什是极其重要的佛经翻译者。他早期先后学习了说一切有部佛教、大乘中观派佛教;此外,学习了梵语文学。401—413年,其译著达三十五部,凡二百九十四卷。他是后秦时期长安译场的译主,大多是传译者身份。他在长安译场翻译的佛经大致可分为三类,即大乘中观系的经论,以大乘禅学为主的各种佛教禅法,大小乘佛教律典。在佛经翻译行为中,翻译不同类别的佛经时采取了不同的策略与方法。

Kumārajīva was a most noted translator in Chinese Buddhism history.He had studied how to preach the Sarvastiva⁃din schools and the Mādhyamaka doctrine in his early days.In addition,Kumārajīva also studied Indian Sanskrit literature.Dur⁃ing 401-413 A.D.,he translated thirty-five Buddhist scriptures totaling 294 volumes.Kumārajīva was the man in charge of the translation workshop in Chang’an.The Buddhist scriptures translated by Kumārajīva’s translation workshop can be divided into three categories:the Mahayana sūtras and abhidharmas,Mādhyamakaśamatha and Buddhist Vinayas.In his translation practice,he adopted different translation strategies and methods for different kinds of Buddhist scriptures.