电弧增材制造工艺方法、增材焊料及后处理的研究现状

Research status of process method,additive solder andpost-processing inarc additivemanufacturing

电弧增材制造以其沉积效率高、增材速度快的特点,在大型构件的增材制造中有很大优势,进一步发挥增材制造优势是未来重要研究趋势。介绍了电弧增材制造的工艺方法,对比不同方法的沉积效率和性能特点,指出激光诱导电弧增材和热丝增材可以显著提高增材效率;总结了添加剂和焊料对沉积件性能的影响规律,发现层间添加剂有助于提高沉积件的力学性能以及减少缺陷。此外由于各种工件需适用于不同的工作环境,新型增材制造焊丝的开发研究也十分重要;介绍了增材后处理对沉积件性能的影响。发现增材后轧制、热处理等后处理工艺对电弧增材制造性能的提升效果明显。

Arc additive manufacturing has obvious advantages in additive manufacturing of large structure because of high deposition efficiency and fast additive speed.How to strengthen the advantage of additive manufacturing is one of the most important research trends in the future.In this paper,several typical arc additive manufacturing methods were introduced and the deposition efficiency and performance characteristics of different methods were compared.The comparison result shows that laser induced arc additive and hot wire additive can significantly improve the additive efficiency.By summarizing the effects of grain refining inoculants and welding wire on the properties of deposited parts,it is found that the grain refining inoculants between additive layers could improve the mechanical properties and reduce the defects of deposited parts.In addition,in order to ensure that the workpiece is suitable for different working environments,the research of new additive manufacturing wire development is also very important.Finally,the influence of additive post-treatment on the properties of deposited parts is introduced.It is found that heat treatment,rolling and other post-treatment process can improve the properties of arc additive manufacturing obviously.