增材制造技术制备梯度材料研究现状

Review of gradient materials prepared by AM technology

梯度材料是一种新型复合材料,其组成成分、微观组织和性能在空间上呈梯度变化。增材制造所具有的离散-堆积工艺为梯度材料的制备提供了新的路径,与传统的梯度材料制备工艺相比,增材制造方法可以实现一个或多个方向上梯度材料的制备,同时具有制备复杂结构件的能力。梯度材料增材制造工艺主要包括激光增材制造、电子束增材制造和电弧增材制造,其中激光增材制造是目前研究最多且应用最广的工艺。路径规划对梯度材料成分梯度、质量和成形精度有重要的影响,已成为梯度材料增材制造研究的一个重要方向。综述了梯度材料增材制造方法、梯度微观组织,以及制造过程中路径规划的国内外研究现状,可以为梯度材料增材制造研究提供参考。

Gradient material is a new composite material,its composition,microstructure and performance has gradient changes in space.The additive manufacturing(AM)method provides a new way to make the gradient materials.Compared with traditional gradient material manufacture processes,AM can make one or more dimensions of gradient materials theoretically,and manufacture complex structures.AM processes of gradient material including laser AM,electron beam AM and arc AM,while laser AM process has the largest application field and the deepest study among these methods.Path planning has an important influence on the manufacture of gradient,quality,and formation accuracy of gradient materials,it has become an important research field in the AM of gradient material.This review introduces the domestic and foreign research status of gradient materials prepared by AM methods,gradient microstructure,and path planning in the manufacturing process,which can provide the reference for gradient material AM process.