聚氨酯降解菌及其可降解聚氨酯进展

Recent Advances in Polyurethane-Degrading Microorganisms and Biodegradable Polyurethane

聚氨酯是一种具有较好的物理性能、化学性能和生物相容性的有机聚合物,广泛应用于家居、交通、建筑、机械、体育、电子、海洋和医疗等领域,但是聚氨酯材料难降解,不合理的处置会危害到生态环境。随着对可降解菌.类的研究不断深入,越来越多的聚氨酯降解菌及降解酶被发现,用其处理聚氨酯废弃物成为目前极具前景的解决方式。同时随着对聚氨酯合成原料及制备工艺的开发,可由微生物降解的聚氨酯材料成为当前聚氨酯发展的一种趋势。文章首先介绍聚氨酯的结构,其次重点介绍聚氨酯降解菌筛选方法及降解菌的作用机制,然后综述可降解的聚氨酯材料开发及应用,最后,总结聚氨酯降解菌在菌种选育、降解机制等方面问题,并阐述了可降解聚氨酯研究现状,及发展方向。

Polyurethane is a kind of organic polymers with good physical-chemical properties and biocompatibility,and widely used in various parts of household,transportation,construction,machinery,sports,electronics,marine and medical fields.However,polyurethane is difficult to degrade,and polyurethane waste disposal usually results in serious ecological environment problems.Since the researchers have found fungi can degrade polyurethane,more and more polyurethanedegrading microorganisms and enzymes have been found.The discovery of polyurethane-degrading microorganisms and enzymes can be a promising solution in polyurethane waste disposal.Meanwhile,with the development of synthetic raw materials and preparation technology of polyurethane,biodegradable polyurethane material has become a trend in the development of polyurethane.The article first introduces the structure of polyurethane,then focuses on the screening methods of polyurethane-degrading microorganisms and the mechanism of action of microorganisms,reviews the development and applicationand of biodegradable polyurethane materials,and finally summarizes the research difficulties of breeding and degradation mechanism,and describes the status and future research of biodegradable polyurethane.