中国内陆湿地生态系统健康时空评估

Assessing the Health of Inland Wetland Ecosystems over Space and Time in China

湿地是一种独特的自然景观格局,可为人类社会提供多种重要功能和服务。随着我国经济的飞速发展和城市化进程的加剧,内陆湿地面临面积减少、湿地功能减弱、湿地生态环境恶化等一系列问题。因此,对内陆湿地的生态健康状况进行定量评估,对于生态系统的可持续发展至关重要。然而,对湿地生态系统的评估大多是针对单一湿地或流域湿地,很少有研究对国家层面的湿地进行整体健康评估。本文基于土地覆盖数据、气候数据、社会经济数据,利用压力-状态-效应-响应(PSER)模型建立了内陆湿地健康评价指标体系,该模型包含15个评价指标。结合层次分析法对2010-2018年中国内陆湿地的生态系统健康状况进行了评估,结果表明:(1)与行政区划的生态系统健康评价不同,基于网格的湿地生态系统健康评价可以提供更详尽的湿地健康信息。(2)2018年内陆湿地面积比2010年增加了16328km^(2),2018年湿地生态系统健康指数平均值为3.45,2010年的平均值为3.24。(3)2018年,状况较好、良好、中度和较差的湿地分别占内陆湿地的26.3%、46.4%、26.9%和0.5%。研究结果为湿地生态系统资源的保护和管理提供了实践指导,为土地利用规划和开发提供了可靠的信息。

Wetland is a unique natural landscape pattern,which provides a variety of important functions and services for human societies.With the rapid develop of the economy and accelerated urbanization,the inland wetlands are faced with series of problems,including reduced area,weakened wetland functions,and deterioration of the wetland ecosystem environment.Therefore,it is necessary to quantitatively assess the ecological health of China’s inland wetlands,which is key to the sustainable development of ecosystems.However,most assessments of wetland ecosystems only examine single wetlands or watershed wetlands,and there are few assessments of wetland health at the national level.In this paper,based on land cover data,climate data,and social and economic data,an assessment system of inland wetland health is established by using the Pressure-State-Effect-Response(PSER)model,which includes 15 assessment indicators.Analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to define the indicator weights.Then we assessed the ecosystem health of the inland wetlands of China in 2010 and 2018,which produced three main results.(1)Unlike ecosystem health evaluated by administrative districts,wetland ecosystem health(WEH)evaluation based on the grid could provide additional details of wetland health.(2)The area of inland wetlands increased by 16328 km^(2) in 2018 compared to 2010,and the average wetland ecosystem health index in 2018 was 3.45,compared to an index value of 3.24 in 2010.(3)In 2018,wetlands in the better,good,moderate and poor conditions represented about 26.3%,46.4%,26.9%and 0.5%of the total,respectively.These results provide a practical guide for protecting and managing wetland system resources and reliable information for land use planning and development.