德州市男性长途卡车司机艾滋病相关高危行为个人访谈

Personal interviews on HIV-related high-risk behaviors among male long-distance truck drivers,Dezhou city

目的了解德州市男性长途卡车司机(简称长卡司机)高危行为相关情况,探索长卡司机群体的艾滋病综合防控模式,为防治策略的制定提供科学依据。方法 2018年10月至2019年2月通过物流企业负责人、志愿者等关键人物招募男性长途卡车司机,开展面对面半结构性个人访谈。结果共访谈216人,均为在婚,年龄29~57(42.31±6.30)岁;户籍所在地本市159人(73.61%),本省其他地市9人(4.17%),外省48人(22.22%);文化程度小学及以下9人(4.17%),初中文化147例(68.06%),高中或中专59人(27.31%),大专及以上1人(0.46%)。工作年限为1~40(12.96±7.38)年;每月出车1~20(9.49±6.60)次;每月住宿2~25(7.69±10.59)d;每月收入≤5 000元16人(7.41%),≤8 000元106人(49.07%),>8 000元94人(43.52%);仅有2.31%(5/216)的被访谈人员承认发生过商业性行为。调查发现长卡司机群体对比艾滋病防治早期,其职业特征及行为特征均发生了显著变化,受道路交通、社会治安、管理模式、职业收入、健康意识等多重因素的影响,既往长卡司机标签化的非婚性行为、吸毒等高危行为,已经从一种群体特征转变为个人行为,发生高危行为更多与部分长卡司机的个人认知、行为习惯相关。结论长卡司机群体的非婚性行为、吸毒等高危行为特征已经发生了显著变化,建议对国内长卡司机哨点监测工作开展重新评估。

Objective To understand the high-risk behaviors of male long-distance truck drivers in Dezhou city, and to explore the comprehensive AIDS prevention and control model of long-distance truck drivers, so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies. Methods From October 2018 to February 2019,male long-distance truck drivers were recruited by key figures such as leaders and volunteers of logistics enterprises, and face-to-face semi-structural personal interviews were carried out in depth. Results A total of 216 subjects were interviewed, the characteristics were as follows: all of whom were married, aged 29 to 57(42.31 ±6.30),159(73.61%) in this city, 9(4.17%) in other cities and 48(22.22%) in other provinces.There were 9 students with education level in primary school or below(4.17%),147 cases with junior high school education(68.06%),59 students with senior high school or technical secondary school(27.31%),and 1 person with junior college or above(0.46%).The working life was 12.96±7.38 years(1-40 years);the number of trips per month was 9.49±6.60(1-20);the monthly accommodation was 7.69±10.59 days(2-25 days);the monthly income was ≤5 000 yuan(7.41%),≤8 000 yuan(49.07%),>8 000 yuan(43.52%);only 2.31%(5/216) of the interviewees admitted to having commercial sex.As a result, it was found that the occupational and behavioral characteristics of long-card drivers changed significantly compared with the early stage of AIDS prevention and treatment, which were influenced by multiple factors, such as road traffic, social security, management model, professional income, health awareness and so on.The high-risk behaviors such as non-marital sexual behavior and drug abuse of long-card drivers had changed from a group characteristic to an individual behavior.The occurrence of high-risk behaviors was more related to the personal cognition and behavior habits of some long-card drivers. Conclusion The characteristics of high-risk behaviors, such as non-marital sex and drug abuse, have changed significantly in long-truck drivers, it is suggested that the sentinel surveillance of long-truck drivers should be re-evaluated.