2015~2020年淄博市周村区饮水型氟中毒防治现状分析

Analysis on prevention and control status of drinking-water-borne fluorosis,Zhoucun district,Zibo city,2015-2020

目的了解淄博市周村区地方性饮水型氟中毒流行情况,及时采取有效的防护措施。方法2015~2020年根据每年淄博市饮水型氟中毒监测实施方案,开展降氟改水工程运行情况调查,检测病区村居民饮用水氟含量和8~12岁学生的氟斑牙、龋齿、尿氟。结果周村区现5处降氟改水工程运行良好。居民饮用水氟含量均≤0.30mg/L,尿氟几何均数为0.67mg/L,8~12岁学生氟斑牙患病率为9.12%(103/1129),氟斑牙指数为0.19,达到国家《重点地方病控制和消除评价办法(2019版)》饮水型氟中毒控制评价内容及判定标准要求。学生氟斑牙患病率年度、村庄间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05),龋齿患病率年龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。供应氟含量符合国家标准的饮用水,是防治饮水型氟中毒的有效方法。居民饮用水氟含量较低时,氟斑牙患病率与饮水外的其他摄入途径关系增大,龋齿患病率与水氟含量关系较小。结论淄博市周村区地方性氟中毒防治保持控制状态,持续做好监测工作,寻找当地适宜的水氟值。

Objective To understand the epidemic situation of endemic drinking-water-borne fluorosis in Zhoucun district,Zibo city,and take effective protective measures in time.Methods According to the annual monitoring plan of drinking-water-borne fluorosis in Zibo city,the investigation on the operation of defluoridation and water improvement project was carried out to detect the fluoride content in drinking water of the residents in the endemic villages,and the dental fluorosis,dental caries and urinary fluoride of the students aged 8-12 years old in the endemic villages were detected.Results At present,5 defluoridation and water improvement projects in Zhoucun district are running well.The fluoride content in drinking water of residents was≤0.3 mg/L,and the geometric mean of urinary fluoride was 0.67 mg/L.The prevalence of dental fluorosis among students was 9.12%(103/1129),and the dental fluorosis index was 0.19,which met the requirements of the evaluation content and criteria of drinking-water-borne fluorosis control in the national Evaluation method for Control and Elimination of Key Endemic Diseases(2019 Edition).The prevalence of dental fluorosis in 8-12 years old students was statistically significant in year and village(P<0.01,0.05),and the prevalence of dental caries was statistically significant in age(P<0.05).The supply of drinking water with fluorine content in line with the national standard was an effective method to prevent and control drinking water fluorosis.When the fluoride content of drinking water was low,the incidence of dental fluorosis was more related to other intake routes than drinking water,and the incidence of dental caries was less related to the fluoride content of drinking water.Conclusion The prevention and control of endemic fluorosis in Zhoucun district is under control,and monitoring work should be continued,and find the suitable fluorine value of local water.