新冠肺炎疫情对中国油菜产业的影响分析及对策

Effects of COVID-19 on China’s rape industry and strategies

为了有效应对新冠肺炎疫情冲击及后续影响,推动油菜产业稳定健康发展,基于国家油菜产业技术体系所提供的微观调研数据,使用描述性统计方法从农户生活、油菜生产、油菜籽加工等维度,分析新冠肺炎疫情对中国油菜产业的影响。结果显示:在种植户生活方面,仅有0.98%的受访户出现食用植物油短缺现象,76.06%的受访户反映家庭总收入完全没有影响或影响很小,但乡村观光旅游同比下降10.24个百分点、蜂农采蜜同比下降4.6个百分点;在油菜生产环节,85.47%的受访户反映田间管理工作量"没有变化"和"小幅度减少";90.38%的受访户反映油菜生产雇工"无影响"和"影响较小";79.06%的受访户反映农用物资价格"总体稳定";98.48%的受访户认为对最终产量的影响较小;但18.21%的受访户反映有"虫害",较2018-2019年度上升4.99个百分点;在油菜籽加工环节,油菜籽加工企业开机率、企业面临的具体困难以及希望获得的政府支持政策均呈现地区差异性。基于此,今后应完善我国油料储备体系建设,注重进口来源多元化,加大科研创新和技术推广力度,优化市场营销体系和推进信息平台建设,制定"一揽子"补贴方案,从而保障中国油菜产业健康发展。

To effectively cope with the shock of COVID-19 and its subsequent impact,and to promote stable and healthy development of rape industry,this paper systematically analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on China′s rape industry.It includes perspectives of farmer′s life,rape production and rapeseed processing enterprises,based on micro survey data provided by the National Rapeseed Industrial Technology System.The results showed that in terms of farmers′life,only 0.98%of the respondents were in a shortage of edible vegetable oil and 76.06%of them reflected no impact or a little impact on total household income.However,rural tourism decreased by 10.24 percentage points,and honey collecting behavior of bee farmers decreased by 4.6 points.On field production,85.47%of the respondents reported"no change"and"small reduction"in field management workload,90.38%reflected"no impact"and"a littlel impact"on rapeseed production employment,79.06%considered"overall stability"in the price of agricultural materials,and 98.48%believed that it had a little impact on final output.However,the pest reporting rate increased by 4.99 points than last season.On rapeseed processing,it varied from region to region on the rapeseed processing enterprises′resumption rate,starting-up rate,specific difficulties faced by enterprises and government policies.Based on these results,future strategies should be taken to ensure improving development of rape industry.The strategies should include perfect construction of China′s oil reserve system,more attention to diversification of imports,more innovation and technology promotion,optimization on marketing system and construction of information platform,and a"package"subsidy plan for the industry.