不同施锌方式下外源磷对花生根系形态、叶绿素含量及产量的影响

Effects of exogenous phosphorus on root morphology,chlorophyll contentand yield of peanut under different zinc application methods

为明确花生高产高效适宜的磷-锌配施模式及其可能机制,通过田间试验,研究了不同施锌方式下外源磷对花生根系形态、叶绿素含量及产量的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,施磷促进了花生根系和地上部生长,提高了叶片叶绿素含量,增加了产量及产量构成因素,P45、P90、P135和P180处理的产量分别比不施磷(P0)平均增加36.8%、60.7%、48.3%和39.2%。不同施锌方式对花生根系形态特征和地上部营养生长指标无显著影响,但对单株饱果数、单株饱果重和叶片叶绿素含量影响显著,叶面喷锌(Znf)和土壤施锌(Zns)处理的花生产量分别比不施锌平均增加6.4%和10.1%,表明土壤施锌方式增产效果较好。施锌方式与施磷量交互效应对花生根系和地上部生长、产量及产量构成因素无显著影响,各指标在ZnsP90处理达到最大。综上,在砂姜黑土区花生生产上,土壤施用90kg P_(2)O_(5)/hm^(2)配合30 kg ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O/hm^(2)改善了花生根系形态特征,提高了光合特性,是利于花生生长发育和高产的适宜磷肥和锌肥施用方式。

In order to clarify the suitable phosphorus-zinc combination application mode and its possible mechanism for peanut high yield and efficiency,the field experiments was conducted to study the effects of exogenous phosphorus rates on root morphology,chlorophyll content and yield of peanut under different zinc application methods.The results showed that the phosphorus application promoted the roots and shoots growth of peanut,improved the SPAD values,and increased the yield and its components.Peanut yields under P45,P90,P135,and P180 treatments averagely increased by 36.8%,60.7%,48.3%and 39.2%compared with non-phosphorus(P0),respectively.The zinc application method had no significant effect on root morphological characteristics and aboveground vegetative growth of peanut,but had significant effects on the number of fruit filled per plant,fruit weight per plant,and chlorophyll content of leaves.The yield averagely increased by 6.4%and 10.1%under foliar(Znf)and soil applied Zn fertilizers(Zns),respectively,suggesting having higher yield under soil zinc application.It was observed that the root and shoot growth,yield and its components of peanut was not significantly affected by the interaction between phosphorus fertilizer and Zn application methods,the study parameters were the highest under ZnsP90 treatment.In summary,in lime concretion black soil area of peanut production,soil applied 90 kg P_(2)O_(5)/hm^(2) combined with 30 kg ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O/hm^(2) improved the root morphological characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of peanut,which was a suitable phosphorus and zinc fertilizer application method for peanut growth and high yield.