上海市黄浦区犬伤门诊患者的狂犬病认知调查

Investigation of outpatients exposed to rabies on knowledge of rabies in Huangpu District,Shanghai

【目的】了解上海市黄浦区犬伤门诊患者狂犬病暴露特征认知现状及防治知识,为减少狂犬病的发生提供策略。【方法】抽取本犬伤门诊中就诊的293例患者进行应用程序(APP)现场扫码完成问卷调查,包括狂犬病暴露患者的基本信息、狂犬病暴露的特征情况、狂犬病认知的情况等。【结果】女性多于男性;20~40岁中青年居多;暴露部位以上肢为主,暴露动物以自家宠物为主,暴露原因以玩耍致伤为主。对狂犬病的概念及其危害和感染途径,以及狂犬病疫苗的接种时间和接种后注意事项的知晓率比较高;而对狂犬病的临床表现以及再次致伤后的处置认知率最低(62.46%);不同职业之间对狂犬病潜伏期和临床表现的认知具有显著差异。影响暴露者对狂犬病认知的因素是多种的,其中对狂犬病相关知识的认知强烈影响了处理认知。暴露者获取相关知识的主要途径是媒体途径,包括网络、电视和广播、微信和犬伤门诊医护人员。【结论】狂犬病暴露者对狂犬病相关知识的认知仍有待提高,相关部门应优化宣教方式,针对狂犬病防治知识开展多种形式、全方位的健康教育活动,提高居民的认知的水平,加深自我防范意识。

[Objective]To determine the awareness and knowledge of exposure to rabies of outpatients,and then provide strategies to reduce the occurrence of rabies in Huangpu district,Shanghai.[Methods]A total of 293 patients attending the clinic due to exposure to rabies were selected to complete the questionnaire survey,including demographics,characteristics of exposure,and knowledge and awareness of rabies,using an application scanning.[Results]The outpatients in this study were more likely to be women and aged 20-40 years.The exposed sites were mainly upper limbs,and injuries mainly caused by their own pets during playing.The knowledge of rabies,its harm and route of infection,as well as the time of vaccination against rabies and notes after vaccination have been well-documented.However,awareness of clinical manifestation of rabies and treatment after re-injury was lowest.There were significant difference in the clinical manifestation and incubation period of rabies across diverse occupations.There are multiple factors that affected the knowledge and awareness of exposure to rabies,in which the knowledge of rabies was strongly associated with the knowledge of treatment.The primary source of exposure was media,including the Internet,television and radio,WeChat and medical staff.[Conclusion]The cognition of outpatients on exposure to rabies remains low.We should optimize the educational methods and implement various health education and promotion activities for rabies control and prevention to improve the knowledge and awareness of exposure to rabies.