产妇母乳喂养的知识、自我效能与纯母乳喂养行为的关联分析

Relationship between breastfeeding knowledge,self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding behavior among postpartum mothers

【目的】了解母乳喂养的知识、自我效能与纯母乳喂养行为现状之间的关联。【方法】采用横断面调查,随机抽取上海市嘉定区13家社区卫生服务中心的5家儿保门诊为调查现场,对1月龄婴儿的母亲进行在线电子问卷调查。【结果】收集合格问卷456份,母乳喂养知识得分为12~60分(满分60分),平均得分(47.17±5.65)分。母乳喂养自我效能得分为14~70分(满分70分),平均得分(47.70±14.48)分。1月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养率为55.3%(252/456)。多元二分类logistic回归分析显示,产妇母乳喂养知识(OR=1.717,95%CI 1.034~2.851,P=0.037)和母乳喂养自我效能(OR=5.736,95%CI3.455~9.522,P=0.001)与产后1个月纯母乳喂养率显著相关。【结论】产妇母乳喂养知识和自我效能与1月龄纯母乳喂养率显著相关。医务人员需加强母乳喂养知识与技能的宣教和指导,提高产妇母乳喂养知识和自我效能,提升纯母乳喂养率。

[Objective]To explore the relationship between breastfeeding knowledge,self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding behavior among mothers of one-month old babies.[Methods]Random sampling method was conducted for choosing 5 out of 13 community service health centers in Jiading district of Shanghai.A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the mothers.[Results]A total of 456 valid questionnaires were received,the full score of breastfeeding knowledge was set at 60,with an average of 47.17±5.65,ranging from 12 to 60.The full score of self-efficacy was set at 70,with an average of 47.70±14.48,ranging from 14 to 70.The exclusive breastfeeding rate of one-month old infants was 55.3%(252/456).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that mothers with higher scores of breastfeeding knowledge had significantly higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding(OR=1.717,95%CI 1.034-2.851,P=0.037).Those with higher scores of breastfeeding self-efficacy also had significantly higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding(OR=5.736,95%CI 3.455-9.522,P=0.001).[Conclusions]The breastfeeding knowledge and self-efficacy of mothers of one-month old babies were significantly associated with the rate of exclusive breastfeeding.Medical staff should strengthen the delivery and cultivation of breastfeeding knowledge and skills for mothers to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy,and ultimately promote the rate of exclusive breastfeeding.