基于POI数据的北京市空间结构分析

Spatial Structure Analysis of Beijing Based on POI Data

结合城市现有POI要素,利用GIS核密度估计法、标注差椭圆、最近邻分析及热点分析等,将城市空间要素聚集分布情况与现行总规进行对比分析。研究发现,北京市整体呈现出团块型聚集发展模式,POI分布密度由核心城区依次向外递减。五大不同要素类型中,休闲娱乐类呈现出一聚集核心,多中心离散的放射型分布模式。生活居住、生活服务与公共服务三者逐渐形成一核心、多中心的发展机制。金融商务类分布最为聚集紧凑,发展相对滞后,主要集中在核心城区。北京市各功能用地不仅通过发展副城区来缓解中心紧张状态,整体上的城市发展有着多核心、少聚集且覆盖广的发展趋势。

The development trend of urban spatial structure can test the rationality of urban land use planning.Based on the existing POI elements in the city,GIS kernel density estimation,difference ellipse,nearest-neighbor analysis and hot spot analysis are used to compare and analyze the urban spatial element aggregation and distribution in the current general plan.The study found that Beijing as a whole presents an agglomerative development pattern,and the POI distribution density decreases outward from the core urban area in turn.Among the five different types of elements,the leisure and entertainment category presents a concentrated core,multicentric and discreteradiative distribution pattern.Living,life service and public service have gradually formed a core and multi-center development mechanism.The distribution of finance and business is the most compact and relatively underdeveloped,mainly concentrated in the core urban areas.The functional land use in Beijing not only alleviates the central tension through the development of sub-urban areas,but also shows the overall urban development trend of multi-core,less agglomeration and wide coverage.