论IM21墓主身份及洋海墓地的萨满墓葬

A Discussion of the Identity of Owner of IM21 and Shamans’burials in Yanghai Cemetery

洋海墓地是研究吐鲁番盆地青铜时代至早期铁器时代文化的典范材料。由于盆地气候干燥,墓地保存了大量珍贵的实物材料,其中部分特殊器物如木竖琴、角杯、钻木取火器、木旋镖、黄宝螺海贝、大麻、小花紫草果实等,都展现了吐鲁番盆地这一时期独特的生产生活方式和宗教文化、审美。其中IM21尤为引人瞩目,被称为“萨满墓”。本文通过深入研究IM21墓主的服饰、装饰和随葬品,进一步讨论他的身份。此外,对洋海墓地中的萨满墓葬进行辨析,结合阿尔泰山区的考古发现,确认萨满身份的标识——铜铃、竖琴、大麻。

Yanghai Cemetery offers classical materials for studying culture of Turfan Basin from Bronze Age to Early Iron Age.Due to the dry climate in the basin,the cemetery reserved large amount of materi⁃als,including some special objects such as wooden harps,horn cups,fire making tools,wooden boomer⁃angs,Monetaria moneta shells,cannabis sativa,fruits ofLithospermum officinale,which show particular way of production and living,religious culture and aesthetics of this period in Turfan Basin.IM21 attracts special attention and was named“Shaman burial”.The paper studies the costume,decoration and funeral goods of owner of IM21,and then discusses his identity.Besides,the Shamans’burials are analyzed,com⁃bining with the discoveries in Altai Mountain area,and bronze bells,harps andcannabis sativa are identi⁃fied as the markers of shaman identity.