叶面喷施硅肥对寒地玉米干物质积累分配及产量品质的调控效应

Regulating Effects of Foliar Spraying Silicon Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation, Grain Yield and Quality of Maize in Cold Region

针对松嫩平原西部半干旱区施肥方式单一、养分管理失衡等限制玉米丰产优质高效的问题,以先玉335为材料,设置5个喷施硅肥处理,分别为0(LCK)、4(LS1)、8(LS2)、12(LS3)和16g/L(LS4),研究叶面喷施不同浓度硅肥对玉米干物质积累和转运及籽粒产量品质的影响。结果表明,喷施硅肥对植株干物质积累均有促进作用,其中LS3与LCK相比,显著增加花前营养体干物质转运量267.00kg/hm^(2),且2年的产量均最高(11 485.68和12 331.69kg/hm^(2))。随硅肥浓度的增加,玉米籽粒粗淀粉、粗蛋白、果糖、氮和钾含量显著增加,较LCK的增幅分别为1.88%~2.56%、5.64%~8.22%、20.00%~41.18%、6.56%~8.56%和11.57%~38.84%。综上所述,叶面喷施8和12g/L硅肥可实现玉米产量和品质的协同提高,可作为松嫩平原西部半干旱区叶面硅肥施用的最佳水平。

Due to the simple fertilization method and unbalanced nutrient management for maize production in the western Songnen Plain of China, the improvements of maize grain yield, quality, and production efficiency are restricted. To solve these problems, maize variety ‘Xianyu 335’ was used as material and five levels of silicon fertilizer, 0(LCK), 4(LS1), 8(LS2), 12(LS3), and 16 g/L(LS4), were set up under field conditions to study the effects of foliar spraying silicon fertilizer with different concentrations on the dry matter accumulation and translocation, and grain yield and quality of maize. The results showed that foliar spraying of silicon fertilizer had a promoting effect on the accumulation of plant dry matter. LS3 significantly increased the dry matter translocation of dry matter accumulation prior to anthesis by 267.00 kg/ha and had the highest yield in two years(11 485.68 and 12 331.69 kg/ha). In addition, with the increase of silicon fertilizer concentration, the contents of crude starch, crude protein, fructose sugar, nitrogen, and potassium of maize grain increased significantly. Compared with LCK, the increase ratios of four silicon fertilizer treatments were 1.88%-2.56%, 5.64%-8.22%, 20.00%-41.18%, 6.56%-8.56%, and 11.57%-38.84%, respectively. Generally, 8 and 12 g/L foliar silicon fertilizer could achieve the synergistic improvement of maize grain yield and quality, and could be used as the levels of foliar silicon fertilizer in the semi-arid area of the western Songnen Plain.