江南双季稻区再生稻秸秆全量还田机械化种植模式

Mechanization Cultivation Model of Ratoon Rice with Straw Incorporation in Double Rice Cropping Region in South of Yangtze River Valley

以江西省崇仁县再生稻生产调研为基础,总结分析了再生稻秸秆全量还田机械化种植模式的综合效益及其技术要点。该种植模式选用高产优质籼粳杂交稻品种甬优4949,通过头季稻留高茬收获,将秸秆切碎并均匀抛撒,适时追施促芽肥,控水灌溉,以及病虫草害防治,创新集成了适于江南双季稻区再生稻机械化栽培新模式。该模式不仅解决了蓄低位腋芽的秸秆还田难题,实现了秸秆全量还田,还解决了再生苗生育进程不一致和籽粒成熟度不一等问题。与常规模式相比,新型稻作模式头季和再生季水稻产量分别增加了12.7%和55.8%,周年净收入增加了6769.5元/hm^(2),经济效益显著。该模式避免了秸秆焚烧,可培肥土壤,实现优质丰产,是绿色高产高效的"一种两收"稻作新模式,适合在江南双季稻区大面积推广应用。

Based on the investigation of rice production in Chongren county, Jiangxi province, we summarized the comprehensive benefits and key techniques of mechanization cultivation model of ratoon rice with straw incorporation. This cultivation model consists of japonica rice variety with high yield and good quality, high stubble harvest pattern with chopping and evenly spreading rice straw in first season, applications of shoot-promoting fertilizer and water-controlled irrigation at appropriate period and control of pests and weeds. This cultivation model promoted the retention of axillary buds in the lower nodes with full amount straw returning to the field, and solved the problems of the uneven growth process and grain maturity. Compared with conventional cultivation model, the new model increased the rice yield of first season and ratoon season by 12.7% and 55.8%, respectively, and annual net income by 6769.5 yuan/ha. This model improves soil fertility, rice yield and grain quality while avoiding straw burning, which was a green, high yield and high efficiency "one sowing two harvesting" rice cropping model.