中国高新区“以升促建”政策对企业创新的激励效应

The Incentive Effect of"Promote Construction by Upgrading"Policy of Chinese Hi-tech Zones on Enterprise Innovation

国家高新区作为最具中国特色的促进产业结构转型升级和自主创新能力提升的重要制度设计,具有重大研究价值。而判断中国国家高新区制度是否有效的关键依据,就在于科学验证国家高新区政策能否有效促进微观企业自主创新能力的提升。基于2009年"加快审批省级高新技术产业开发区升级为国家级高新技术产业开发区"政策出台的准自然实验条件,本文实证检验了中国各城市地区的国家高新区"以升促建"政策对企业创新水平的影响效应。稳健性的经验发现,高新区升级政策对城市层面企业创新水平产生了显著的促进效应,而这种促进效应主要体现在本土企业方面以及东部地区企业方面。从高新区的政府创新扶持政策角度来看,其在一定程度上对高新区内本土企业的创新活动造成了扭曲效应,削弱了高新区升级政策对中国本土企业创新水平的正向激励作用。从高新区的溢出效应角度来看,其在一定程度上对高新区外的本土企业创新活动产生了正向促进效应。本文的一系列经验发现,对中国特色的高新区制度及其政策体系调整和改革方向,具有重要的决策参考价值。

As the most important institutional design to promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and enhance the ability of independent innovation,national high-tech Zone with Chinese characteristics has great research value.The key to judge whether the national high-tech zone system is effective or not is to verify whether the national high-tech zone policy promotes the independent innovation ability of micro enterprises effectively.Based on the"accelerating the approval of upgrading provincial high-tech industrial development zones to national high-tech industrial development zones"policy issued in 2009,this paper empirically tests the impacts of the"promoting construction by upgrading"policy of national high-tech industrial development zones in China's urban areas on enterprise innovation.Results shows that the upgrading policy of high-tech zone has significant promoting effects on the innovation of enterprises at the urban level and is mainly reflected in local enterprises and enterprises of the eastern re-gion.Government innovation support policies in high-tech zones have distorted the innovation activities of local enterprises in high-tech zones and weakened the positive incentive effect of High-tech Zone upgrading policies on innovation.The spillover effect of High-tech Zone has a positive promoting effect on the innovation activities of local enterprises outside the high-tech zone.Experiences in this paper have important reference value for the adjustment and reform of high-tech zone system.