近代汉口的中药材贸易(1872—1919)

Chinese Medicinal Materials Trade in Modern Hankou(1872-1919)

1872—1919年汉口的中药材贸易,以埠际贸易为主,转口贸易占有重要地位。1904年之前汉口的中药材贸易以麝香为主,后以五倍子为主。近代中药材贸易增长趋势明显,汉口的中药材贸易在全国的地位仅次于上海。以中药材名目为基础,从市场腹地、贸易路线以及与各口岸间的进出口贸易出发,对近代汉口中药材的贸易体系分类考察发现,1872—1919年虽然有变动,但自清以来汉口形成的中药材传统商业网络以及市场机制基本未受到太大的冲击,依然保持原有活力。这主要得益于近代汉口巨大的市场需求空间和中药材商品的特性以及中国近代发达的国内市场贸易联动体系。

This paper analyzes the patterns of the import and export trade of Chinese medicinal materials in Hankou from 1872 to 1919.According to this paper,inter-port trade was the bulk of Chinese medicinal materials trade in Hankou while re-export trade was also significant.Trade in musk and gall dominated the structure of Chinese medicinal materials trade in Hankou before and after 1904 respectively.Chinese medicinal materials trade kept its growth momentum in modern China and Hankou’s importance in this trade was second only to Shanghai.Based on the catalogue of Chinese medicinal materials,this article examined the market hinterland,trade routes,and inter-port trade,and analyzed modern Hankou Chinese medicinal materials trade system based on categorical data.It finds that the traditional commercial network and market mechanisms related to Chinese medicinal materials trade were largely immune from shocks and kept their vitality,although fluctuations did take place between 1872 and 1919.Huge market demands in Hankou,attributes of Chinese medicinal materials and the highly-developed trade network in modern China were all factors behind it.