大变局背景下中国对非洲的战略需求

China's Strategic Needs for Africa in the Context of World Restructuring

当前国际体系正经历着深度变革,随着中美战略博弈加剧,国际政治又重回大国竞争时代。作为快速崛起的全球性大国,中国是影响国际关系变化最为活跃的因素,并为世界格局重组注入了强大的动能,但同时由此所引发的外部环境变化也在重塑着国际社会其他成员与中国的关系,进而重新界定着中国的国际身份。作为中国国家战略之国际战略之“地区战略”,非洲在其中的定位虽未变化,但随着美国对华政策在策略层面的调整和中国外部环境及国际处境的变化,非洲在中国外交全局中基础性地位的重要性更加凸显。在美国加紧修复与盟友关系以巩固其外交“基本盘”,并试图通过构建“全球民主国家联盟”重塑美国的世界领导力,特别是试图通过“价值观认同”将大国竞争引入非洲,进而挤压中国外交空间的“非常态”情况下,中国对非工作的重心及中国对非洲的优先需求抑或也应做出相应调整。在过渡性的环境中,中国对非工作除了拓展和维护中国在非洲利益这一常态情况下的目标任务之外,还需要配合、策应事关中国外交全局的战略行动。

Currently,the international system is undergoing profound changes.With the intensification of China-US strategic game,international politics is returning to the era of great power competition.As a rapidly rising global power,China is not only the most active factor influencing the change of international relations,but also injects powerful momentum into the restructuring of the world pattern.At the same time,the changes in the external environment are reshaping the relationship between other members of the international community and China,thus redefining China's international identity.As the“regional strategy”of China's national strategy and international strategy,Africa's position has not changed.However,with the adjustment of US policy towards China at the strategic level and the change of China's external environment and international situation,the importance of Africa's fundamental position in China's overall diplomacy has become more prominent.The focus of China's engagement in Africa together with its priority demand for Africa should also be adjusted against the background that the US is stepping up to repair its relations with allies to consolidate its diplomatic“base”and trying to introduce big power competition into Africa through“value identity”,thus squeezing China's diplomatic space.In a transitional environment,in addition to expanding and safeguarding China's interests in Africa,China's engagement in Africa also needs to cooperate with the strategic actions of China's overall diplomacy plan.