新高考背景下化学选科影响因素研究——基于重庆市“3+1+2”方案实施情况的调查

A Research on the Factors of Chemistry Subject Selection against the Background of New College Entrance Examination:Based on the Survey after the Implementation of Chongqing's“3+1+2”Program

随着2019年第三批次8省市新高考“3+1+2”方案的实施,继“弃考物理”之后化学选科人数的明显下降再次引起社会广泛关注。本研究以重庆市2806名高中生为调查样本,采用分层抽样问卷方式调查分析新高考“3+1+2”模式下高中学生化学选科意愿及影响因素。调查结果显示:化学选科人数占比50.02%,在各选考科目中下降幅度最大;不同类型学校、成绩和性别的学生化学选科意愿存在显著性差异;学生的个体因素影响最大,其次为学校因素、社会因素、教师因素和家庭因素。个人兴趣、成绩、学习信心和大学报考专业为强影响因素。家庭因素的影响程度虽然不大,但是家庭收入对学生化学选科影响较大。学生的学习兴趣成为化学选科的首要影响因素,这表明高考选科改革初见成效。为进一步消除学生“弃考化学”的负面影响,亟须改进面向中学生的化学选科指导工作,加强化学职业生涯教育,加强省域选科指导网络信息平台建设,提升学生学习化学的兴趣,增强学生学习化学的自我效能感,建立选科保障机制。

With the implementation of the third batch of“3+1+2”programs for the New College Entrance Examination in eight provinces in 2019,the significant decline in the number of chemistry subjects after the“abandonment of physics”has once again attracted widespread attention.Taking 2806 high school students in Chongqing as a survey sample,this paper uses the questionnaire survey method of stratified sampling to study the willingness and influencing factors of high school students to choose chemistry subjects under the new college entrance examination“3+1+2”model.The survey results show that the proportion of chemistry subjects is 50.02%,whose decline is the largest among all subjects,and there are prominent differences in the willingness to choose chemistry subjects among students of different types of schools,grades and genders.Besides,according to the results,the personal dimension of students is the primary influencing factor,followed by the school dimension,the social dimension,the teacher dimension and the family dimension.In the personal dimension,interest,grades,studying confidence,and major in university application are strong influencing factors.Although the influence of family dimension factors is not large,family income has a great influence on students chemistry course selection.Students interest in learning has become the primary influencing factor for chemistry subject selection,indicating that the reform of college entrance examination subject selection has achieved initial results.In order to eliminate the negative impact of students“abandoning chemistry exams”,the study puts forward four countermeasures to enhance students interest and sense of self-efficacy in chemistry learning,and strengthen career education and the construction of provincial-level subject selection guidance network platform.