由公到私:从侯吉热观察巴基斯坦普什图人的社会变迁

From Public to Private:Observing the Social Changes of Pashtuns in Pakistan under the Perspective of Hujre

人类学家巴斯所谓普什图人的“男子之家”,即侯吉热,大致经历了从集体到地方权威,再到私人或被新的经济阶层拥有的过程,总体上是公共性丧失而私有性提升的过程。公共侯吉热的衰落影响到普什图瓦里的传承,提升了普什图人的信仰身份、公民意识和自主意识,使女性、家庭和学校的文化传承功能凸显。而手机等媒体构建的虚拟社区也使普什图人的文化传承方式表现出一定的脱域性。侯吉热是根植于农业社会的传统,血缘、家族、地域、互动等是其存在的基础。

The so-called“man's home”of Pashtun people by anthropologist Barth,that is,Hujre,has roughly experienced a process from collective to local authority,and then to private or new economic class.Generally speaking,it is a process of loss of public nature while improvement of private nature.The decline of public Hujre has affected the inheritance of Pushtunwali,promoted the belief identity,civic awareness and self-awareness of Pushtuns,and highlighted the cultural inheritance function of women,families and schools.The virtual community constructed by mobile phones and other media also makes the cultural inheritance of Pashtuns to show a certain degree of delocalization.Hujre is rooted in the tradition of agricultural society.Kinship,family,region and interaction are the basis of its existence.