福利分配何以促进国家建设——兼论中国贫困治理的国际意义

How Has Welfare Provision Promoted State Building?The International Implications of Poverty Governance in China

福利分配如何促进国家建设,是一个新兴的研究领域。通过运用国家基础权力的理论,文章指出,在社会福利分配过程中,出于追求供应效率而进行的政治与行政制度变革,大大地促进了国家基础权力的提高。中国贫困治理的经验揭示了,福利供应过程通过三个机制提高了国家基础权力:财政资源使用趋于理性化,在增加投入量、扩大受益面的同时,提高资金使用的监管力度;福利分配成为政府的日常行为,以行政责任约束与激励地方政府,忠诚地执行中央的政策;中央政府在边缘社会建立起稳定的、制度化的政治联系,帮助国家更深地扎根在边缘地区贫困群体中间。在经验层面,上述三个机制解释了中国贫困治理的成功秘诀。这种得到理论检验的中国经验,对发展中国家具有普遍意义与推广价值。

How welfare provision has promoted state building is a nuanced research field.Through the theory of the state infrastructural power,this paper argues that the process of welfare distribution could promote the improvement of the state infrastructural power by the political and administrative reforms targeted at the higher efficiency of provision.The experience of anti-poverty campaign in China unveils that the analysis over the origins of state capacity in the developing countries from the state infrastructural capacity has been increased greatly by three crucial mechanisms:rationalizing the employment of fiscal resources to strengthen the fiscal surveillance while expanding more welfares provision:routinizing the supply of social welfare to impose administrative accountability on local governments and be more subject to the center’s directives;setting up political connections of the center with the periphery in a more steady institutionalization to send down cadres to poor areas for the poor.In the sense of experience,these three mechanisms,on the one hand,contribute to the account for why China has succeeded in anti-poverty campaign,and on the other hand confirm the international implications for the Chinese experiment as a model to be learned by other developing countries.