政策工具视角下绿色产品标识制度的构建

On Construction of Green Product Identification Institution from Perspective of Policy Tools

绿色产品标识制度的目标,是在解决功能分割模式下产品环境标志制度弊端的基础上实现对绿色消费和绿色生产的有效引导。以政策工具视角审视绿色产品标识制度的运行机制,可将其分为向消费者传递产品环境状况的信息工具和强化市场诱因、修正越轨行为的补强工具两个维度。就信息工具的构造而言,在信息收集端需实现评价标准制定过程的公众参与,在信息生成端需加强认证机构的声誉约束和完善不同层级标识的衔接机制,在信息接收端需通过有效宣传促使消费行为的转变。就补强工具的选择而言,政府采购工具和政府补贴工具能够强化绿色产品标识制度的经济诱因;外部规制工具和元规制工具能够实现对市场主体越轨行为的修正。

The goal of green product identification system is to effectively guide green consumption and green production on the basis of responding to the disadvantages of environmental label system under the mode of functional segmentation.From the perspective of policy tools,the mechanism of green product identification system can be divided into two dimensions:the information tools which convey product environmental conditions to consumers,and the reinforcement tools which strengthen market incentives and correct deviant behaviors.In terms of the constructing information tools,public participation should be invited into the setting of green product evaluation standards;the reputation constraints of certification bodies and the connection mechanism of different levels of identification should be improved;and effective publicity measures should be taken to change consumer behaviors.As to the choice of reinforcement tools,government procurement and government subsidies can strengthen the economic incentives of green product system,while external regulation and meta regulation can correct the deviant behavior of market participants.