神经肌肉训练对短跑运动员下肢功能的影响

The Effect of Neuromuscular Training on the Function of Sprinters'Lower Limbs

通过干预前后的指标变化分析神经肌肉训练对短跑运动员下肢功能的影响。方法:将25名符合研究条件的短跑运动员随机抽签分配到实验组(EG)和对照组(CG),实验组进行8周的神经肌肉训练干预,对照组则按照日常训练安排进行。干预后星形偏移平衡测试和单腿跳跃测试的结果采用单因素协方差分析进行处理。结果:①干预结束后实验组星形偏移平衡测试中外前方向上的对称指数、外方向上非优势侧成绩和对称指数、外后方向上非优势侧和优势侧成绩及对称指数、后方向上非优势成绩和对称指数、内后方向上非优势侧和优势侧成绩及对称指数以及内、内前、总分非优势成绩和对称指数均显著高于对照组(P≤0.05);②干预后实验组4种单脚跳跃测试中优势侧、非优势成绩以及对称指数均有不同程度的显著性提高(P<0.05)。结论:8周神经肌肉训练能有效提高短跑运动员星形偏移平衡测试和单脚跳跃测试成绩,通过改善下肢功能的不对称性以提高下肢神经肌肉功能及其控制能力,进而降低下肢运动损伤风险。建议在今后的训练实践中,根据专项特点合理地安排神经肌肉训练,使其更好地发挥预防运动损伤和提高运动表现的训练效应。

The influence of neuromuscular training on lower limb function of sprinters was analyzed through the changes of indicators before and after the intervention.Methods:Twenty-five sprinters who met the research conditions were randomly assigned to the experimental group(EG)and the control group(CG).The EG received eight weeks of neuromuscular training intervention,and the CG followed the daily training schedule.The results of the Star Excursion Balance Test and the Hop Test after the intervention were processed by single factor analysis of covariance.Results:①After the intervention,the EG's SEBT showed the LSI in the ALAT direction,the non-dominant side and the LSI in the LAT direction,the non-dominant side and the dominant side in the LAT and PLAT direction,and the LSI in the POST direction.The non-dominant performance and LSI,the non-dominant side and the dominant side performance and the LSI in the PMED direction,and the MED,AMED,and total score non-dominant score and LSI were significantly higher than those of the control group(P≤0.05);②After the intervention the EG's dominant side,non-dominant scores and LSI of the four single-leg jump tests all increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion:Neuromuscular training can effectively improve the sprinters'SEBT and Hop Test results,improve the asymmetry of lower limb function,improve lower limb neuromuscular function and its control ability,and reduce the risk of lower limb sports injury.It is recommended that in future training practice,neuromuscular training should be reasonably arranged according to the particular characteristics so that it can better play the training effect of preventing sports injuries and improving sports performance.