线上线下翻转课堂的设计与实践研究

The Design and Practice of Online and Offline Flipped Classroom

随着互联网技术不断深度融合到各行各业,教育也面临了前所未有的机遇和挑战。在线教育蓬勃发展的背景下,如何最优化地开展线上线下翻转课堂的教学值得实践与探究。文章首先探讨教育和教学的本质,即让教育回归到培养全面发展的人。其次,进行翻转课堂与传统课堂的对比,从教学要素和学习结果两个方面找到传统课堂与翻转课堂两者的本质区别,即翻转课堂相对于传统课堂会更关注学生的主体地位,注重学生智慧技能、认知策略、动作技能和情感态度等多方面的发展,使用更为多元的评价方式评价学生的学习效果。然后,根据线上线下翻转课堂的教学优势,从线上自学、线下探究和线上线下巩固三个阶段,以及教师和学生两个层面来设计线上线下之翻转课堂的教学模型。接着,对开展的线上线下翻转课堂教学改革实践的相关研究结果进行梳理,主要有线上线下翻转课堂的课程教学流程、线上线下翻转课堂中线上学习资源设计和学生的学习适应性研究这三个方面。之后,结合开展线上线下翻转课堂教学改革的实践进行了问题分析。其中来自“教”的问题中,翻转出现脱节是影响线上线下翻转课堂效果的直接因素,教学缺乏设计是影响线上线下翻转课堂效果的关键因素,教师角色未能正确转变是影响线上线下翻转课堂效果的重要因素;来自“学”的问题中,学生能力差异过大是影响自学效果的直接因素,原有经验不足是影响自学效果的关键因素,学生习惯于被动学习这一现象是影响自学效果的重要因素;来自“知识”的问题主要是学习任务的单一与学习资源的选择不合理等。最后,根据存在的问题从教师层面、学生层面和学校管理层面提出对策探究,其中教师方面需要认清线上线下翻转课堂的本质、摆正教学改革的初心、提升自身的专业知识与能力;学生需要转变学习观念、改善学习方法;学校管理层也需调整教学评价体系、完善教学支持系统、加大教学监督力度。文章的问题分析和提出的对策都是为了在后期的实践中,不断提升线上线下翻转课堂的教学效果,实现在学科教学中关注学生多种能力发展的目标。

With the deep integration of Internet technology into all walks of life,education is also facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges.Under the background of the vigorous development of online education,how to optimize the online and offline flipped classroom teaching is worth practicing and exploring.This paper first discusses the essence of education and teaching,so that education returns to the cultivation of all-round development of people.Secondly,by comparing the flipped classroom with the traditional classroom,the essential difference between the traditional classroom and the flipped classroom can be found from the two aspects:teaching elements and learning results.That is to say,compared with the traditional classroom,the flipped classroom pays more attention to the development of students'intelligence skills,cognitive strategies,action skills and emotional attitude,and uses more diversified evaluation methods to evaluate students'learning effect.Then,according to the teaching advantages of online and offline flipped classroom,the teaching model of online and offline flipped classroom is designed from three stages:online self-study,offline exploration and online and offline consolidation,as well as two levels:teachers and students.Then,it combs the relevant research results of teaching reform practice of online and offline flipped classroom,mainly including three aspects:online and offline flipped classroom teaching process,online and offline flipped classroom online learning resource design and students'learning adaptability research.Then,combining the practice of online and offline flipped classroom teaching reform,the paper analyzes the problems.In terms of the problems from teaching,the disconnection of flipping is the direct factor affecting the effect of online and offline flipped classroom,the lack of teaching design is the key factor affecting the effect of online and offline flipped classroom,and the failure to change the teacher's role correctly is the important factor affecting the effect of online and offline flipped classroom.In terms of the problems from learning,the direct factor that affects the effect of self-study is that the students'ability is too different,the key factor that affects the effect of self-study is that the students are used to passive learning,which is an important factor that affects the effect of self-study.The main problems from knowledge are the single learning task and the unreasonable choice of learning resources.Finally,according to the existing problems,this paper puts forward countermeasures from the teacher level,student level and school management level,i.e.teachers need to recognize the nature of online and offline flipped classroom,straighten out the original intention of teaching reform,and improve their own professional knowledge and ability;students need to change their learning concepts and improve their learning methods;and the school management also needs to adjust the teaching evaluation system,improve the teaching support system,and increase the teaching supervision.The problem analysis and the countermeasures proposed in this paper are to continuously improve the teaching effect of online and offline flipped classroom in the later practice,and realize the goal of paying attention to the development of students'various abilities in subject teaching.