地方普通本科高校向应用型转变试点五年回顾与思考

Review and Reflection on the Five-year Pilot Project of Transformation from Local General Undergraduate Universities to Application-oriented Universities

自2015年开展引导部分地方普通本科高校向应用型转变试点以来,我国对转型发展工作进行了顶层设计,出台了支持政策;地方政府确定了转型试点高校,给予了不同程度的资金和政策支持;试点高校为转型做了许多工作。5年来,试点高校在加强基础建设、改革人才培养模式、提高转型认识和示范引领等方面取得了一定成绩;但高校转型发展还存在社会制度困境、社会文化困境、自身惰性困境、资源短缺困境。运用伯顿·克拉克三角形分析框架进行对比分析可知,各地应用转型效果与区域经济发达程度和地方政府重视程度呈一定的正相关关系。进一步转型需要政府主导创新政策制度、加速创建有利于转型发展的社会文化、高校把自身发展目标与国家发展目标统一起来、校企共同探索产教融合新路。

Since 2015,China has carried out the top-level design and issued supporting policies for the transformation and development of some local general undergraduate universities.Local governments have established pilot universities for transformation and given varying degrees of financial and policy support.The pilot universities have done a lot of work for the transformation.Over the past five years,the pilot universities have made some achievements in strengthening capital construction,reforming talent training mode,transformation understanding and demonstration guidance.However,there are still social system difficulties,social and cultural difficulties,self inertia difficulties and resource shortage difficulties in the transformation and development of universities.Using the Burton Clark triangle as analysis framework for comparative analysis,it can be seen that there is a certain positive correlation between the effect of transformation and the degree of regional economic development and the attention of local governments.Further transformation requires the government to lead the innovation of policies and systems,accelerate the construction of social culture conducive to transformation and development,unify universities’development goals with national development goals,and jointly explore a new way of integration of industry and education.