2011和2019年生物多样性维护型国家重点生态功能区状态及变化评估

An assessment on the change of national key ecological functional zones of biodiversity maintenance in 2011 and 2019

适时掌握国家生物多样性维护型重点生态功能区的生境质量状况及其变化特征,是国家生物多样性保护战略规划及措施实施的重要科学依据。针对生物多样性维护型国家重点生态功能区,重点考虑生态系统结构与功能、人类活动的生态胁迫、人类社会响应3方面影响因素,构建生物多样性综合评估指标体系,评估了生物多样性维护型国家重点生态功能区2011和2019年的状况及变化。结果表明:(1)从2011到2019年,生物多样性维护国家重点生态功能区内人口以迁出为主,但路网密度显著上升,人类干扰指数和生态空间破碎度仍然呈增加趋势;(2)2011和2019年,各生物多样性维护型生态功能区综合评估指数BDI总体上均维持在0.4以上,生境质量总体上处于中、良等级范围内;(3)从2011年到2019年,各生态功能区BDI值平均从0.582上升到了0.606,中、良等级的功能区占比从61.5%提升到了76.9%;(4)从2011年到2019年,有2个生态功能区的BDI值出现下降,占比15.4%。近十多年内,生物多样性维护型国家重点生态功能区总体上呈现持续向好的变化趋势,但人口密度、路网建设、生态空间破碎度等因素,仍然是今后一定时期内国家生物多样性保护面临的关键压力,而加大保护区面积并严格控制,是缓解压力的有效途径。

Timely evaluation of habitat quality on national key ecological function zones for biodiversity conservation is an important scientific basis for the strategic planning and implementation measures of national biodiversity conservation.In this study,three factors including structure and function of ecosystem,ecological stress from social activities and response of human,were given priority consideration in the process of constructing a comprehensive index system of biodiversity assessment combining with previous research and pressure-state-response(PSR)framework model.Also,all indicators were processed by using weighted processing and normalization method and the comprehensive evaluation method of regional biodiversity were constructed based on remote sensing and GIS technology.Finally,the habitat quality status were assessed on the national key ecological function zones of biodiversity maintenance in 2011 and 2019.The results show that:(1)The population emigration generally occupy the dominant position in the national key ecological function zones of biodiversity maintenance from 2011 to 2019,but road net density has increased significantly.The human interference index and the fragmentation degree of ecological space increases accordingly.(2)The comprehensive index of biological diversity assessment(BDI)in all ecological function zones generally were maintained at above 0.4,and ecological environment quality status were in mid and good grade in 2011 and 2019.(3)The average BDI value of ecological function zones increased from 0.582 to 0.606,and the proportion of ecological function zones in the mid and good grade increased from 61.5%to 76.9%from 2011 to 2019.(4)The BDI value of two ecological function zones has decreased,occupied 15.4%from 2011 to 2019.In the last ten years,the habit qualities in the national key ecological function zones of biodiversity maintenance generally presents a trend toward better change.But controlling density of population,road network construction and ecological space fragmentation,and the construction of protection pattern based on the new territorial space planning,still are the key issues of biological diversity protection within a certain period.But population density,is critical pressures to biodiversity protection during future period of time,and increasing the area of nature reserve and strictly controlling is an effective pathway to relieve the stress.This evaluation method and index system had the characteristics of strong timeliness,simple operation and high efficiency,which could better reflect the actual status and change characteristics of biodiversity in the national key ecological function zones of biodiversity maintenance,and could be applied to regional scale biodiversity monitoring and evaluation.