皖北石灰岩山地植被对地表节肢动物组成及多样性的影响

Effect of vegetation on species composition and diversity of soil surface arthropod in the limestone mountains in the North of Anhui Province

调查皖北石灰岩山地退化生态系统不同植被恢复类型地表节肢动物群落组成、类群多样性以及功能群组成,揭示退化生态系统植被恢复进程中土壤地表节肢动物群多样性变化规律及其影响因素,为石灰岩山地植被恢复成效评价提供科学依据。采用陷阱法对皖北石灰岩山地侧柏+构树混交林、酸枣+牡荆灌丛和荩草+牡荆草灌丛样地地表节肢动物群落组成、多样性以及功能群进行调查。共采节肢动物个体数11601,隶属8纲14目44科。酸枣+牡荆灌丛样地采集到节肢动物37科,占所有类群的84.1%,荩草+牡荆草灌丛和侧柏+构树混交林采集到土壤节肢动物类群为35和26科,分别占总科数的79.6%和59.1%。在目的分类单元下,直翅目、等足目和鞘翅目类群相对多度较高,而科的分类单元下,潮虫科、金龟甲科、蚁科和蟋蟀科为皖北石灰岩山地优势地表节肢动物类群。酸枣+牡荆灌丛节肢动物类群丰富度和荩草+牡荆草灌丛多样性指数最高,侧柏+构树混交林两者均最低。3个样地地表节肢动物营养功能群均以植食性为主。不同植被恢复类型间群落相似性也有变化,酸枣+牡荆灌丛和荩草+牡荆草灌丛间相似性较高,而侧柏+构树混交林与其他2种类型之间相似度均较低。研究结果表明石灰岩山地生境不同植被群落组成、数量和结构及其驱动形成的土壤理化特性、表层的凋落物数量、质量和微生境条件的变异,引起地表节肢动物群落组成、结构和多样性和营养功能群的不同。

Afforestation has been proposed as an effective method to restore the degraded limestone mountains,information on the biological succession and mechanisms of ground-dwelling arthropod assemblage is important for enhancing biodiversity conservation after the establishment of ecological afforestation.In this study,the vegetation community composition structure,species diversity and functional group structure were investigated on a typical rocky mountain area in the North of Anhui Province China,in order to reveal variation of diversity of ground-dwelling arthropod communities during the vegetation recovery of degraded ecosystem,which will provide scientific references for evaluating the benefit of vegetation restoration.We used pitfall traps to capture of ground-dwelling arthropods within three vegetation restoration measures,i.e.,the artificial mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis and Broussonetia papyrifera possess(MFPB),the shrub of Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa and V.negundo var.cannabifolia(SZV)and the grass-shrub of Arthraxon hispidus(Thunb.)Makino and V.negundo var.cannabifolia(GSAV).A total of 11601 individuals of ground-dwelling arthropod were collected,belonging to 8 insecta,14 orders and 44 families.There were 37,35 and 26 families under SZV,GSAV and MFPB,accounting for 84.1%,79.6%and 59.1%of the total fauna,respectively.The relative abundance of Orthoptera,Isopoda and Coleoptera was the highest in the taxonomy of the order,and Oniscidae,Scarabacidae,Formicidae and Gryllidae were the dominant group in the taxonomy of the family in the three vegetation restoration measures in the typical rocky mountain area in Northern of Anhui province.The largest values of richness and diversity were found under SZV and GSAV,respectively,while MFPB have the lowest value of richness and diversity.Phytophagous was the main functional group in three vegetation communities.The similarities of ground-dwelling arthropod fauna differed among different vegetation types,with the highest similarity between SZV and GSAV and the lowest similarity between MFPB and other 2 vegetation types.The results of this study indicated that heterogeneity of soil physical-chemical properties,amount and quality of ground litter,and microenvironment condition,which were derived by different vegetation composition and structure of vegetation community,affected the variation of community composition,structure and functional group of arthropods.The long-term changes in ground-dwelling arthropod assemblage were comprehensive responses to the variations of soil physical-chemical properties and vegetation characteristic after the establishment of afforestation.