神农架林区人类活动与生境质量的空间关系

Spatial relationship between human activities and habitat quality in Shennongjia Forest Region from 1995 to 2015

近几十年来,全球范围内人类活动的加剧对于区域生态系统产生了深远影响,对区域可持续发展造成了严重威胁。科学测度人类活动与生境质量的关系,可为制定有效的生态系统保护政策提供科学依据。基于1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年土地利用变化数据,借助InVEST模型测度神农架林区生境质量的时空分布特征,并且结合多源数据测度其人类足迹指数的时空分布,综合运用双变量空间自相关和地理加权回归,对神农架林区人类活动与生境质量的空间关系以及人类活动对生境质量的影响进行分析。研究结果显示:(1)1995—2015年间,神农架林区生境质量水平基本保持稳定,无剧烈变化,超过60%的区域处于较高生境质量和高生境质量类;(2)1995—2015年间,神农架林区人类足迹指数呈现“西部低,东北高”的空间分布特征和“两极化”的发展趋势;(3)1995—2015年间,神农架林区人类活动与生境质量之间存在显著的空间依赖性,二者呈现显著的空间负相关,林区中部人类活动对生境质量的影响以负面效应为主且愈加显著,人类活动会导致生境质量的恶化。研究结果表明未来的人类活动管理以及生态系统保护政策制定需要充分考虑二者之间的空间依赖效应,科学合理划定保护范围,提高生态保护规划实施效果。

In recent decades,the global intensification of human activities had profound impacts on regional ecosystem and posed severe threats to regional sustainable development.Scientific measurement of the relationship between human activities and habitat quality can provide solid basis for the formulation of effective ecosystem protection policies.Shennongjia Forest Region,as the first heritage site in China to be awarded the three lists of“UNESCO World Natural Heritage”,"World Geopark",and"Man and Biosphere Nature Reserve",which is of great ecological protection value.Due to the fact that Shennongjia Forest Region is playing an indispensable ecological barrier in China and even in the world,exploring the spatial relationship between human activities and habitat quality in Shennongjia Forest Region as well as the extent of human activities'influence on habitat quality has momentous reference and guiding significance for the coordinated development of ecosystem conservation and economic development.This study measured the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of habitat quality and human footprint with the multi-source data using InVEST model in Shennongjia Forest Region in 1995,2000,2005,2010,and 2015.The spatial relationship between habitat quality and human footprint were analyzed using bivariate spatial autocorrelation and geographically weighted regression models.The results showed that:(1)the habitat quality level of Shennongjia Forest Region remained basically stable from 1995 to 2015,and over 60%of the areas were in the category of high habitat quality and higher habitat quality.(2)From 1995 to 2015,the human footprint index in Shennongjia Forest Region presented the spatial distribution patterns of low in the west,high in the northeast and the development trend of“polarization”.(3)From 1995 to 2015,there was a significantly spatial dependence between human activities and habitat quality in Shennongjia Forest Region,and there was a significantly negative spatial correlation between them.In the middle of the forest region,human activities had an increasingly significant negative effect on habitat quality and human activities would lead to the deterioration of habitat quality.The results showed that the spatial dependence effect between human activities and habitat quality should be fully considered in the future ecosystem protection policy formulation,and the protection scope should be delimited scientifically and rationally to improve the implementation effect of ecological protection planning.It is recommended that future research can integrate subjective and objective methods to achieve a scientifically quantified human footprint index,and various grid scales can be utilized for comparative studies of the research area,so as to discover the associations between different variables at multiple scales and scientifically balance the relationship between human activities and ecosystem conservation.