黄河干流与河口湿地生态需水研究进展

Progress in ecological water requirements in the mainstream and estuary ecosystem of the Yellow River Basin

通过回顾黄河干流和河口湿地生态需水相关研究的发展历程及主要研究成果,从生态需水研究的研究对象及目标、研究内容、研究方法及应用等方面归纳总结了黄河干流和河口生态需水的研究现状和面临挑战。目前,有关黄河干流和河口湿地的生态需水方面的研究已取得一定的成果,对黄河流域生态需水基础理论基本规律的认识相对清晰,但对黄河干流和河口湿地生态系统认识的不足导致目前生态需水计算方法不统一,计算结果存在一定的误差,从而导致黄河生态需水在流域水资源配置与管理实践中难以达到预期结果。今后仍需在逐步积累的实测资料的基础上进行细化的生态需水研究,重点开展基于河流和湿地生态系统完整性的生态需水研究;基于生态⁃水文响应关系并综合其他保护目标的生态水文过程研究;还要考虑经济、社会、环境“三赢”的权衡以及未来水沙条件等因素的不确定性,寻求合理的能应用到实际水量配置方案中的生态需水量等。并将生态需水成果与黄河水量生态调度有效结合起来,在水量调度实践中予以论证。

This research attempted to make a systematic summary as well as commentary towards the previous studies concerning ecological water requirements in the mainstream and estuarine ecosystem of the Yellow River Basin(YRB).The status and challenges of ecological water requirements in the mainstream and estuary of the Yellow River have been summarized in terms of research objects,contents,research methods and applications of ecological water requirements studies.At present,the research on the ecological water requirements of the mainstream and the estuary of the Yellow River has achieved certain results.The basic laws of the theory of ecological water requirements in the Yellow River Basin were relatively clear.The water calculation methods are not uniform.There are certain errors in the calculation results,which makes it difficult to achieve the expected results in the practice of water resources allocation and management in the YRB.In the future,the focus on the researches of Yellow River ecological water requirements should be based on the ecological water requirements of rivers and wetland ecosystems;researches on eco⁃hydrological process of ecosystem based on eco⁃hydrological model;finding the reasonable ecological water requirements considering the economic,social,environmental win⁃win trade⁃off and other uncertain factors,that can be applied to the actual water allocation scheme.Moreover,on this basis,the results of ecological water requirement and the ecological regulation of the Yellow River water volume can be combined and demonstrated in the ecological water regulation of the Yellow River in practice.