行政处罚与刑罚竞合的法律适用

The Legal Application of Administrative Penalty and Penalty

理清行政执法机关与刑事司法机关二者的衔接关系,是行政处罚与刑罚竞合法律适用的制胜法宝。当一行为触犯行政处罚,又触犯刑罚规范的,若不严谨执法,可能会出现“以罚代刑”或“以刑代罚”的乱象,轻则损害刑法的权威,重则国家公权侵犯公民基本权利。在处罚竞合的衔接上,首先是依据立法指导原则确定二者在衔接上的优先级,以明确处罚规则;其次是加强处罚竞合的实质审查,强化对处罚竞合的监督;再者要在处罚竞合视域下构建行政处罚与刑罚竞合的衔接机制,保证违法行为与法律责任相适应。

To clarify the connection between administrative law enforcement organs and criminal justice organs is the key to the application of law in the concurrence of administrative punishment and penalty.When an act violates both administrative punishment and criminal punishment,if it is not strictly enforced,there may be chaos of"substitute fines for criminal punishment"or"punishment instead of fines",which may damage the authority of criminal law,or infringe the basic rights of citizens.On the issue of concurrence of punishment,the first is to determine the priority of the two in connection according to the legislative guiding principles,so as to clarify the punishment rules;the second is to strengthen the substantive review of concurrence of punishment,and strengthen the supervision of concurrence of punishment.In addition,we should construct the connection mechanism of administrative punishment and penalty concurrence from the perspective of concurrence of punishment,so as to ensure that the illegal acts adapt to the legal responsibility.