胎儿先天性泌尿系统异常的产前诊断及预后

先天性泌尿系统异常是一种常见的胎儿先天性畸形,是引起儿童肾功能不全以及终末期肾病的常见原因。先天性泌尿系统异常的临床表型多样,常常是由于胚胎时期肾发育异常或发育缺陷引起的,因而,胎儿泌尿系统结构异常也成为产前诊断和遗传咨询中常有的类型。泌尿系统异常的预后差异较大,胎儿出生后可能致命也可能轻度影响功能,需要及时做出准确的判断并进行适当的干预。因此,胎儿先天性泌尿系统异常的研究对优生优育有重要意义。随着多普勒超声等影像技术的发展,极大地降低了产前超声诊断胎儿结构异常的漏诊率,本文综述了常见胎儿泌尿系统畸形的诊断和预后,为临床咨询提供有效参考。

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract(CAKUT)are a very common fetal malformation,which is a main cause of renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease in children.The clinical phenotype of this disease is varied and is often caused by abnormal or developmental defects of the kidney during the embryonic period.Therefore,structural abnormalities of fetal urinary system have also become a common type in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.The prognosis of urinary abnormalities varies greatly,and the fetus may be fatal or slightly affect its function after birth.Consequently,it’s very important to make accurate judgment and carry out appropriate intervention in time.The study of fetal congenital abnormal urinary system is of great significance to prenatal and prenatal care.With the development of imaging techniques such as Doppler ultrasound,the rate of missed diagnosis in prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal structural abnormalities is greatly reduced.This paper discusses the diagnosis and prognosis of common fetal urinary malformation in detail,and provides effective reference for clinical consultation.