武汉中心城区道路绿化带土壤调查分析与改良对策

Investgation Analysis and Reforming for Greenbelt Soils from Civic Center in Wuhan

城市道路绿化是城市生态系统的重要组成部分。土壤作为植物生长必需的介质和养分源泉,其理化特性在城市快速发展背景下受到人为干扰的影响越来越明显,直接影响着植物生长发育和绿地生态功能的发挥。本研究以武汉市中心城区主干道绿化带土壤为研究对象,分0~30 cm、30~60 cm、60~90 cm三层采集土壤样品共160份,分析了土壤容重、含水量、pH值、EC值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等理化性质特征。结果表明,武汉城市道路绿化土壤容重大,砾石含量高,无明显剖面层次,结构性差。pH平均值为8.10±0.43,以碱性为主,高于自然土壤。土壤养分含量低,分布不均衡,其中有机质含量为0.17~36.40 g·kg^(-1),均值5.92 g·kg^(-1),空间差异大,总体处于极低水平。土壤氮素缺乏,N/P比例失调,碱解氮含量较低(均值43.68 mg·kg^(-1)),有效磷含量处于高水平(均值22.67 mg·kg^(-1)),速效钾处于中上水平(均值108.27 mg·kg^(-1)),且表层(0~30 cm)含量显著高于深层土壤(30~60 cm、60~90 cm)。根据武汉中心城区道路绿化土壤质量状况,提出了改良城市道路绿化土壤的合理措施和建议。

Greening for urban road is an important part of urban ecosystem.As a necessary agent and nutrient source for plant growth,the physicochemical properties of soil are increasingly affected by human interference in the context of rapid urban development,which directly affects the growth and development of plants and the ecological functions of green areas.In this study,we collected 160 garden soil samples from three layers,0-30 cm,30-60 cm and 60-90 cm,at the civic center in Wuhan.The bulk density,water content,pH,EC,OM,AN,AP and AK were analyzed.We found that the bulk density and gravel content were significant high.No clear level can be found from profiles with poor structure.The averaged pH was 8.10±0.43,indicated alkaline,higher than the natural soil.Generally,soil nutrient concentrations were low with uniformly distributed.For instance,the OM was very low and the mean value was 5.92 g·kg^(-1)(range from 0.17 to 36.4 g·kg^(-1))with large spatial variations.The nitrogen in soil was lacking with uniformly distribution.The N/P ratio was imbalance.The AN was low with mean value 43.68 mg·kg^(-1),and AP was high(mean value 22.67 mg·kg^(-1)).The AK was over moderate and its mean value was 108.27 mg·kg^(-1).In particular,all the concentrations in top layer(0-30 cm)was significantly higher than that of the 30 cm below.According soil quality situation of garden soils from civic center in Wuhan,some measures and suggestions were proposed here to improve the condition of soil physicochemical properties.