许慎、郑玄、颜师古之古今字观念比较研究

Comparative Study on Chinese Characters for the Same Word of Xu Shen,Zheng Xuan and Yan Shigu

许慎与郑玄、颜师古的“古今字”立足点不同。《说文解字》立足于汉字本义说解,其重文与正篆构成的“古今字”是为同一个词创造的不同字形,属于本义相同的同词异字;许慎还用旁见说解对文献使用中的古今字有所阐发,说明许慎对两种“古今字”有清楚的认识和区别。郑玄和颜师古之古今字立足于文献用字,但二者不尽相同,颜师古比郑玄的古今字外延要小;颜师古所言古今字在文献中的读音和意义一定都相同,古今字中要有一个字为本字。

Xu Shen,Zheng Xuan,and Yan Shigu had different standpoints for“Gu and Jin characters”.“Shuo Wen Jie Zi”was based on the explanation of the original meaning of Chinese characters.The“Gu and Jin characters”formed by Zhengzhuan and its another font were created for the same word.Xu Shen also explained the“Gu and Jin characters”used in the literature with the explanation for another character,showing that Xu Shen had a clear understanding and distinction of the two“Gu and Jin characters”.The“Gu and Jin characters”of Zheng Xuan and Yan Shigu were based on the characters used in documents,but they were not the same.Yan Shigu’s“Gu and Jin characters”had a smaller extension than Zheng Xuan.The pronunciation and meaning of the“Gu and Jin characters”mentioned by Yan Shigu must be the same in the literature,and one of“Gu and Jin characters”must be the original character.