柠檬酸在骨质疏松疾病中作用的研究进展

Progress of citrate mechanism in bone and osteoporosis

柠檬酸盐是骨骼的重要组成部分,人体90%以上的柠檬酸都储存在骨组织,参与骨微结构和力学强度的维持。柠檬酸一直都作为三羧酸循环的重要中间体而被熟知,是一种必需的代谢物,参与多种生物过程,如能量代谢、成骨和血管生成。近年研究发现:柠檬酸在骨组织形成与骨矿化过程中可能发挥重要作用。进一步研究表明,骨质疏松症的严重程度与柠檬酸水平之间存在负相关,骨骼中柠檬酸盐的流失可能会加重骨质疏松症的发展。外源性柠檬酸补充剂以及基于柠檬酸的修复材料可能为防治骨质疏松和促进骨修复提供有效途径。本文综述了当前关于柠檬酸盐与骨质疏松之间关系的认识,阐述骨骼微环境中柠檬酸在骨形成、骨结构与功能发挥中的作用,探索其具体的调节机制,最后对柠檬酸补充剂和基于柠檬酸的骨修复材料的研究进展进行了总结和评价。这不仅进一步明确了骨生物学与骨代谢调控的关键科学问题,而且为新型骨修复材料的开发与应用提供理论依据。

Citrate is an important part of bones.More than 90%of the citric acid in the human body is stored in bone tissue,which participates in the maintenance of bone microstructure and mechanical strength.Citric acid has always been known as an important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.It is an essential metabolite involved in various biological processes,such as energy metabolism,osteogenesis,and angiogenesis.Recent studies have found that citric acid may play an important role in the process of bone tissue formation and bone mineralization.Further studies have shown that there is a negative correlation between the severity of osteoporosis and the level of citric acid,and the loss of citrate in the bones may aggravate the development of osteoporosis.Exogenous citric acid supplements and citric acid-based repair materials may provide effective ways to prevent osteoporosis and promote bone repair.This paper reviews the current understanding of the relationship between citrate and osteoporosis,expounds the role of citric acid in bone formation,bone structure and function in the bone microenvironment,explores its specific regulation mechanism,and finally summarizes and evaluates the research progress of citric acid supplements and citric acid-based bone repair materials.This not only further clarifies the key scientific issues in bone biology and bone metabolism regulation,but also provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of new bone repair materials.