优秀教师实践性知识的内涵、影响因素和生成路径

The Connotation,Influencing Factors and Generation Path of Excellent Teachers’Practical Knowledge

实践性知识是优秀教师专业发展的必备知识。优秀教师实践性知识的生成与其教育教学行为关系密切,由"为什么教""教什么""怎么教""教得怎么样"等知识构成。文章分析了魏书生、李吉林、李镇西和吴正宪四位优秀教师实践性知识的生成过程,发现实践性知识的形成受人格特征、经验反思、环境支持和人际支持因素影响。总结归纳四位优秀教师实践性知识的生成路径,具体概括为立足学生学情发现实践性问题、借助经验反思探索实践性知识、利用教学实践打磨实践性知识、辅之学习交流优化实践性知识。

Practical knowledge is the necessary knowledge foundation for the professional development of excellent teachers.The generation of excellent teachers’practical knowledge is closely related to their educational and teaching behaviors.It consists of such knowledge as"why teach","what to teach","how to teach"and"how is the teaching result".Analyzing the generation process of the practical knowledge of excellent teachers such as Wei Shusheng,Li Jilin,Li Zhenxi and Wu Zhengxian,it is found that the formation of practical knowledge is affected by factors such as personality characteristics,experience reflection,environmental factors and interpersonal support.The generation path of four excellent teachers’practical knowledge could be summarized as discovering practical problems based on students’learning conditions,exploring practical knowledge with experience reflection,using teaching practice to polish practical knowledge,and supplementing learning and communication to optimize practical knowledge.